张村河蓄水构筑物的多功能设计概念

以张村河堤岸整治工程为例,介绍了河道内蓄水构筑物的蓄水、溢流、美化及防洪等功能的创意设计,形成了人与自然和谐相处的环境体系;水工模拟试验结果表明,蓄水构筑物建成后能满足50年一遇洪水的防洪要求,小流量时,基本实现了蓄水建筑物间水面相连、过流动感和美学效果。张村河蓄水构筑物多功能设计概念将对北方间歇性城市河流综合整治工程具有重要的参考价值。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PROCESSES OF WANDERING-BRAIDED RIAVER CHANNEL EVOLUTION

1INTRODUCTIONErgodichypothesisisoneofthebasicconceptsofmoderngeomorphology.Itsuggeststhatundercertaincircumstancessamplinginspacecanbeequivalenttosamplingthroughtime;andthatspace-timetransformationsarepermissibleasaworkingtool.Thisisbasedontheassumptionthat,whenindividualmembersofapopulationoflandformsarechangingregularlythroughtime,thespatialfrequencyofoccurrenceofgiventypesoflandformsisinverselyproportionaltotheirrateofchange(Chorley,etal.,1985).TheconceptofthecycleofDavis'erosioninwhi…     

DIVERTING SEAWATER TO SCOUR THE ESTUARY-A QUEST FOR NEW APPROACH TO REGULATETHE LOWER YELLOW RIVER-

1GENERALTraditionally,theLowerYellowRiverstartsatHuayuankouandrunsonaplainforabout800km,beforeemptyingintotheBohaiSea.Theriverisfedwithextremelyheavysedimentload(1.6billiontonsannuallyuptotheeighties)andrelativelysmallrunoff(46billionm3uptotheeighties)fromitsdrainagebasinupstream.Thisloadofsedimentispartlydepositedinthechannelresultinginaggradationorincreaseinthebedslope.TheremainderisdischargedtotheBobalSea.AsthetidesoftheBohaiSeaareweak,thedepositionintheareaaroundtherivermouthisusual…     

Numerical Simulation of Wave Field at the Kemena River Mouth in Kalimantan Island

-By use of the parabolic equation of numerical simulation of wave which is suitable forlarge-angle propagation and Crank-Nicolson differential method,the wave field at the Kemema Rivermouth has been studied for analysis of sediment movement in the area.In order to reflect wave energy lossaccurately,the Bretchneider-Reid formula is quoted and the friction coefficient in the formula is discussedin this paper.The calculation results indicate that the wave becomes a little damped at the mouth ofKemena River influenced by the topography and bottom friction,and the wave at the east beach is higherthan that at the west beach,because the east beach extends out.     

福建地区构造应力场的初步研究 Ⅰ.晚侏罗纪─中更新世

本文为根据断层力学性质、断陷盆地、火山活动、水系分布格局等,初步探讨了福建地区晚侏罗纪至中更新世的构造应力场特征。结果表明,本区既受到来自太平洋－菲律宾海板块向ＮＷ方向的挤压作用,又受到来自印度板块向Ｎ向Ｅ的挤压。在这两种挤压作用中,前者早于后者,也大于后者。     

The influence of a heavily polluted urban river on the adjacent aquifer systems

 Ankara Creek is often subjected to overflowing of sewage caused by rainfall or direct discharge of raw sewage. Alluvial aquifers adjacent to Ankara Creek and its tributaries have considerable groundwater potential. The present status of groundwater quality is far from drinking water standards. Groundwater contamination in Ankara is suspected to be caused by Ankara Creek which is heavily polluted by raw sewage discharge, surface runoff and other common sources. In order to investigate the influence of heavily polluted Ankara Creek on the groundwater contamination in the adjacent alluvial aquifers, five sampling stations on Ankara Creek and 25 water wells were monitored during 1996. At five different sampling periods, water samples were collected from both surface water and groundwater. Chemical analyses of basic ions, pollution parameters and heavy metals in natural waters were carried out. The organic pollution prevails in Ankara Creek whereas total dissolved solids (TDS) and heavy metal concentrations are considerably low. Starting from the idea that Ankara Creek somewhat influences the groundwater quality and the contaminants in groundwater should attenuate with respect to distance, a series of water wells in a certain area, each having different distance from the creek, were examined using four pollution parameters. It is concluded that Ankara Creek barely influences the aquifer systems in connection. This is attributed to two reasons: rapid attenuation of contaminants due to dilution in groundwater and a blanket of very fine sized materials covering the bottom of Ankara Creek. Received: 28. April 1997 · Accepted: 23. February 1998     

The chemical composition of the surface system of Peneos river, Thessaly/Central Greece

 Peneos is the mainstream for the drainage of Thessaly's basin. It contributes significantly in recharging the aquifers, as well as to the direct irrigation water, since there is intense agricultural activity in the basin of Thessaly. The investigation of the hydrochemical conditions of the surface water system of Peneos showed that the chemical composition is related to the lithology of the aquifers of the basin, the anthropogenic influence and the biological activity. The chemical composition of this system changes in time and space. The salinity decreases during the winter period, in contrast to the summer period when it increases drastically. The lower values of TDS appear in the upstream part of the river (95–124 mg/l) whereas downstream, the values of TDS increase significantly (400–632 mg/l). The hydrochemical type Ca-Mg-HCO₃ dominates the largest part of the river while it changes to NA-Cl in the estuary. The concentrations of the dissolved species in the main Peneos river are higher than in the spring waters. Peneos is the most polluted river in Greece. The concentration of the pollutants is higher at the downstream part of the river, but is lower than the accepted upper limits. The use of the surface water of the system of Peneos river for irrigation purposes based on the SAR factor is acceptable because the absorption ratio for Na and salinity are low and medium respectively. Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 21 September 1998     

径潮流变化对长江潮流界位置的影响研究

赤潮流界是表征河口径潮相互作用的关键界面,受各种动力作用在空间上不断上下迁移。本文基于2012—2019年间长江口岸直水道五峰山至南支河段大范围实测资料,分析了46种径潮流组合下,长江主汊河段主深槽潮流界位置的变化。研究结果表明:(1)在径流条件一定时,随着潮差的减小潮流界位置逐渐向下游移动,初始时期潮流界位置下移速度较慢,后期加快。(2)在潮差一定时,当上边界径流量以同样速度增加时,枯水期潮流界向下游移动的速度快,平水期与丰水期潮流界向下游移动的速度会逐渐减慢。(3)潮流界距大通的距离与潮径比呈显著相关的对数关系,可用于今后潮流界位置的定量计算。潮流界位置随着潮径比的减小而下移,当潮径比约为0.56时,潮流界位置在江阴附近。新水沙条件下,长江潮流界位置的研究对"长江大保护"战略下河口海岸地区的开发规划具有重要现实意义。     

Seasonal Short‐Term Prediction of Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers via Nature‐Inspired Algorithms

This study challenges the use of three nature‐inspired algorithms as learning frameworks of the adaptive‐neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) machine learning model for short‐term modeling of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), and biogeography‐based optimization (BBO) are employed for developing predictive ANFIS models using seasonal 15 min data collected from the Rock Creek River in Washington, DC. Four independent variables are used as model inputs including water temperature (T), river discharge (Q), specific conductance (SC), and pH. The Mallow's Cp and R² parameters are used for choosing the best input parameters for the models. The models are assessed by several statistics such as the coefficient of determination (R²), root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, mean absolute error, and the percent bias. The results indicate that the performance of all‐nature‐inspired algorithms is close to each other. However, based on the calculated RMSE, they enhance the accuracy of standard ANFIS in the spring, summer, fall, and winter around 13.79%, 15.94%, 6.25%, and 12.74%, respectively. Overall, the ANFIS‐PSO and ANFIS‐BOA provide slightly better results than the other ANFIS models.