鄂西清江流域及其邻区地壳稳定性评价

地壳稳定性评价是进行重大工程建设所必须研究的课题之一。本文在分析清江流域区域构造格架、深部构造、活动断层、地震活动和现今构造应力场等影响地壳稳定性主要因素的基础上，利用模糊数学综合评判和信息量计算两种模型评价清江流域区域地壳稳定性。根据地壳稳定性４级划分标准，将该区划分为１０个稳定区，７个较稳定区，４个较不稳定区。清江干流的３级大型水利枢纽工程均位于稳定区，其库区以稳定区为主，局部跨越较稳定带。     

黄河口近期环境演变与河口治理

本文分析了近几年来尾闾河道及河口滨海区实测资料，认为尾闾河道河相关系趋向于转好，河口变化造成的溯源冲淤作用影响范围仅有２０几ｋｍ，并且只有在汛期水流强度较大时，才发生溯源调整作用，非汛期淤积严重。由于河口砂咀向海凸出，三角洲前缘形成强流带，加上波浪作用及异重流发育，河口砂咀延伸速度明显减缓。最后，作者对目前河口治理中存在问题的解决提出了建议，尤其指出不应轻易放弃目前良好的河口行水环境。     

大江截流期间历年强降水过程的天气系统分析

该文利用历史天气图资料，统计了１９６１－１９９４年１０月至次年１月逐次强降水过程，分析了强降水过程的影响天气系统特征及演变规律，其结果有助于实时预报业务做好长江三峡工程大江截流的气象保障工作。     

The significance of scarp retreat for cenozoic landform evolution on the Colorado Plateau,U.S.A.

Since the beginning of the Cenozoic period several hundreds of metres of the sedimentary cover have been removed from the Colorado Plateau. Palaeoclimatic considerations show that the Colorado Plateau has been dominated by dry climates throughout the Cenozoic with the possible exception of the early Palaeocene. Today in the still prevailing arid climate, which strongly accentuates differences in rock resistance, the relief shows a structurally controlled cuesta scarp topography in the slightly deformed strata of alternating resistance. In examining whether the denudational efficiency of scarp retreat was sufficient to account for the wide erosional gaps in the sedimentary cover, rates of scarp retreat were determined by using the information of dated volcanic material and by applying a new method, which calculates the amount of retreat from the width of beheaded valleys of known age. Rates of retreat range from 0·5 to 6·7 km my^?1. The results show that the rates of retreat are controlled by the thickness and resistance of the caprocks. A model of Cenozoic scarp retreat demonstrates that the rates of recession calculated for the scarps in Upper Cretaceous rocks were sufficient to bring them into their present positions from the centre of the Monument Uplift on the central Colorado Plateau. The late Eocene positions of the cliffs in the Early Tertiary formations give an indication of their maximal extent. After the Upper Cretaceous sediments had been removed from the uplifts, erosion cut through successively older rocks, and activated scarps in stratigraphically lower positions. Scarp retreat can operate simultaneously and independently at different levels, which enabled this erosional mechanism to remove great proportions of the sedimentary cover of the Colorado Plateau during the Cenozoic.     

运用地貌学方法研究平原地区隐伏断裂——以大同盆地内部NE向隐伏断裂为例

运用地貌学方法,对河流阶地的研究,是探索平原区隐伏活动断裂的有效方法之一。依据实测河流阶地(御河,十里河,鹅毛口河,大峪河)的数据作横剖面图,阶地位相图和通过钻探资料的分析,证实有两条NE向隐伏断裂的存在,并在其控制下形成地垒,地垒构造至今还在活动。     

冰沟门盆地晚二叠世晚期肃南组河流相特征

甘肃冰沟门异常区在晚二叠世晚期肃南组(P_2~s)时发育了两种类型古河流。以大磁窑河为代表的网状支流河,蚀源区铀源丰度低,河床坡降大,流程短,水流急,不利于铀矿化的形成。古梨园河发育的中-晚期为低-高弯蛇曲河,边滩发育,规模适中(河宽<300m),铀源丰富,河水中富含植物碎屑等有机质,铀在沉积一成岩阶段于河流转弯处和主、支流交汇处形成聚集,为后生阶段的工业富集提供了良好的前提。     

悬托河及其形成条件的初步研究

碳酸盐岩区悬托河谷的水文地质结构比较复杂。当修建水库时,渗漏常是最主要的工程地质问题。作者对悬托河谷的水文地质结构进行了划分,并对悬托河的形成条件进行了探讨,这对选择良好的库坝位置,指导工程地质勘察,评价水库渗漏,合理制定开发方案、工程规模及防渗措施,都具重要意义。     

Regional variation of mechanical and chemical denudation,upper Colorado River Basin,U.S.A.

The variation of mechanical and chemical denudation is investigated using discharge and sediment yield data from the Upper Colorado River System. Annual precipitation ranges from approximately 150 mm to 1500 mm. Mean specific yield ranges from 0-2 1/s km² ( = 6 mm p a) to 151/s km² ( = 475 mm p a). The hydrological-geomorphological system adjusts itself to these varying climatic conditions; in some areas, however, the effects of lithology or land use seem to override the climatic controls. It is demonstrated that the increase in the absolute and particularly the relative amount of suspended sediment is closely related to a decrease in annual runoff and to an increase in the importance of high magnitude/low frequency events. This indicates that in areas of low annual runoff and high runoff variability, soluble rocks are more resistant than in more humid areas. During high magnitude/low frequency events, suspended sediment concentrations and loads are very high in semiarid areas due to sparse vegetation cover and dominance of direct runoff. Events of moderate magnitude and frequency, which in more humid areas transport most of the dissolved load, seldom occur. The trend towards increasing mechanical denudation is even observed in areas of very low runoff (0-221/s km² = 7 mm p a). The peak of sediment yield in dry areas seems to approximate the point of no runoff very closely. Mechanical and chemical denudation are of equal importance at a runoff of about 300 mm per year.     

The downstream gradation of particle sizes in the Squamish river,British Columbia

The exponential downstream decline in particle size predicted by Sternberg (1875) is examined within a highly active alpine fluvial environment, the gravel-bed Squamish River in southwestern British Columbia. Transect survey procedures for sampling within the coarse alluvial gravels are described in detail. Downstream trends for various particle size statistics, plotted with distance from a major sediment source, are considered according to two scenarios. Evaluation of overall trends indicates that the downstream expression derived by Sternberg (1875) is not the most appropriate; rather, curves are better described by power functions. This reflects a very rapid decline in particle size immediately downstream of the major sediment source. Secondly, evaluation of downstream trends in relation to channel planform determines that exponential functions with different coefficients describe adequately relations within individual planform reaches. There is insufficient evidence to suggest which of these two scenarios may be appropriate. Several lines of evidence suggest that the trends found are more the result of selective sediment transport phenomena than of abrasion, a condition attributed to channel competence within a system dominated by sediment-supply conditions.     

河网非恒定水沙数学模型研究

建立了能够适用于多种情况的河网非恒定流水沙数学模型。推导提出了河网泥沙方程组的分级解法,提出了适用于河网计算的汊点分沙模式,分析和对比了多种分沙模式的适用性,对河网区域中可蓄水汊点也提出了相应的处理办法。采用汉江杜家台分蓄洪区的资料作了模型的验证和应用。