基于MP方法的地震信号快速分解算法

Matching Pursuits算法是信号分解的一种具体实现方法.针对地震信号在过完备库中进行分解时原子字典索引和计算量均非常庞大的问题,提出了一种原子字典索引的快速生成算法.首先根据地震信号的频带特征缩小字典索引的频率范围;然后同样依据地震信号的波形特征缩小字典索引的尺度范围.从而利用对地震信号的先验知识,收缩原子字典索引的扫描范围,实现基于Matching Pursuits算法的地震信号的快速分解.     

Spatial scale and habitat-dependent diversity patterns in nematode communities in three seepage related sites along the Norwegian Sea margin

Assessing the relative contribution of local diversity to regional biodiversity may be the key to understanding large-scale and even global patterns in species diversity. Here, the contribution of habitat heterogeneity of cold seeps at three spatial scales [micro-scale (ms), macro-scale (10 to 100s of ms), and mega-scale (10 to 100s of km)] to the total nematode biodiversity (genus level) along the Norwegian continental margin is evaluated. Due to the development of higher resolution bathymetry and increased bottom sampling in recent years, continental margins, once regarded as monotonous landscapes, are now acknowledged to have a high degree of habitat complexity and diversity. By calculating the additive partitioning of gamma diversity in alpha and beta fractions, we examined to what extent habitat diversity of seep sites significantly increases the nematode genus composition and diversity at different spatial scales. Siboglinidae patches and control sediments yielded comparably high levels of nematode genus richness. They exhibited low turnover rates within and across the different seep sites. In contrast, the bacterial mats at Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) and the reduced sediments at the Nyegga pockmarks harboured genus-poor nematode communities with an equally high dominance of one or two species, which were different for each seep. Different habitats, in particular at the HMMV, contributed significantly to the seep nematode richness. This study demonstrates that the presence of distinct habitat types within multiple seep sites contributes to the high diversity of nematode communities inhabiting the seeps in the Norwegian deep sea.     

南海上层水温分布的季节特征

为对南海上层水温分布特征有一总体认识,利用气候平均的1°×1°网格的Levitus资料,分析了南海0－200m层共10个等深面上的季平均温度分布状况。结果表明,南海上层水温分布的季节变化明显,季风和太阳辐射对水温分布有显著影响,四季平均水温分布与平均环流状况对应较好。冬、春两季在吕宋岛西北海域有一冷涡（即吕宋冷涡）,夏、秋季在越南沿岸出现另一冷涡（即越南冷涡）。这两个冷涡均对应着本海区尺度较小的气旋式环流和正的风应力旋度。吕宋冷涡还与黑潮在吕宋海峡的形变有关,越南冷涡则与局地强上升流有联系。     

对深海适冷菌Pseudomonas sp. SM9915分泌不同适冷蛋白酶的研究

从1855m深的海底泥样中分离到一株产适冷蛋白酶的适冷菌Pseudomonas sp.SM9915，经测定发现该菌株的最适生长温度为20℃，最适产酶温度为15℃，粗蛋白酶的最适酶温度为40℃。在此基础上，采用硫酸铵沉淀和分子筛层析方法对P.sp.SM9915分泌的蛋白酶进行了分离纯化。结果表明，P.sp.SM9915至少分泌三种适冷蛋白酶，并且三种蛋白酶的性质有所不同。这三种蛋白的最适pH分别为8．0、9．0、7．0。最适酶海温度分别为45℃、40℃、40℃；其热稳定性也有明显的差别，40℃下保温，酶活的半衰期分别为11min、5min和27min，表明这三种蛋白酶对低温的适应进化是不同步的。     

Cold seep communities in the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea: composition, symbiosis and spatial distribution on mud volcanoes

Two mud volcano fields were explored during the French–Dutch MEDINAUT cruise (1998) with the submersible NAUTILE, one south of Crete along the Mediteranean Ridge at about 2000 m depth (Olimpi mud field) and the other south of Turkey between 1700 and 2000 m depth (Anaximander mud field) where high methane concentrations were measured. Chemosynthetic communities were observed and sampled on six mud volcanoes and along a fault scarp. The communities were dominated by bivalves of particularly small size, belonging to families commonly found at seeps (Mytilidae, Vesicomyidae, Thyasiridae) and to Lucinidae mostly encountered in littoral sulfide-rich sediments and at the shallowest seeps. Siboglinid polychaetes including a large vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp. were also associated. At least four bivalve species and one siboglinid are associated with symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria, as evidenced by Transmission Electronic Microscopy and isotopic ratio measurements. Among the bivalves, a mytilid harbors both methanotrophic and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Video spatial analysis of the community distribution on three volcanoes shows that dense bivalve shell accumulations (mainly lucinids) spread over large areas, from 10% to 38% of the explored areas (2500–15000 m²) on the different volcanoes. Lamellibrachia sp. had different spatial distribution and variable density in the two mud volcano fields, apparently related with higher methane fluxes in the Anaximander volcanoes and maybe with the instability due to brines in the Olimpi area. The abundance and richness of the observed chemosynthetic fauna and the size of some of the species contrast with the poverty of the deep eastern Mediterranean. The presence of a specialized fauna, with some mollusk genera and species shared with other reduced environments of the Mediterranean, but not dominated by the large bivalves usually found at seeps, is discussed.     

准噶尔盆地冬季一个例低空风、温、湿场的数值模拟

利用美国NCAR非静力平衡模式MM5V3，模拟了新疆准噶尔盆地冬季局地小气候效应，再现了山谷风环流和冬季“冷湖效应”。模拟结果与现有理论及观测事实基本一致。模拟结果表明：准噶尔盆地冬季大面积被积雪覆盖，下垫面反照率大，因此山谷风环流同黑河地区相比较弱，但“冷湖效应”显著，逆温特征明显，最强可达10℃。     

Surface carbonate and land-derived clastic marine sediments from southern Chile: mineralogical and geochemical investigation

Surface carbonate and land-derived deposits in the sea off southern Chile were investigated for their mineralogical and geochemical composition. The data were related to environmental features and compared with those of similar temperate and polar carbonate deposits from Tasmania, New Zealand, Arctica, and Antarctica. The mineralogy of the siliciclastic fraction is typical of cold areas and is mainly composed of chlorite, mica, quartz, feldspars and amphibole. The CaCO₃ content varies from 30 to 90%; carbonate mineralogy is made up of low-Mg calcite, high-Mg calcite and minor amounts of aragonite. The Ca, Mg, Sr, Fe, and Mn contents of bulk carbonates and some selected skeletal hard parts are comparable to those of carbonates from Tasmania. The elemental composition is mainly related to carbonate mineralogy, skeletal components, and seawater conditions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of carbonates are positive, and their field falls between the “seafloor diagenesis” and “upwelling water” trend lines, because the sediments are likely to be in equilibrium with waters of Antarctic origin. The mineralogical, elemental, and isotopic compositions of carbonates from southern Chile show better similarities with the “temperate” carbonates from Tasmania and New Zealand than with the “polar” carbonates from Arctica and Antarctica. Carbonate deposition is allowed by the low terrigenous input, the low SPM concentration and, probably, the upwelling of seawater from Antarctica.     

常见硫化物表面的XPS研究

采用XPS分析方法,研究了黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和毒砂等常见硫化物矿物表面的化学成分及其化学态,从而探讨硫化物表面的氧化和次生变化。研究发现：（1）硫化物矿物表面在氧逸度较高的情况下很容易发生变化,其氧化产物很复杂,主要是其金属元素的高价态氧化物、氢氧化物和硫酸盐等;（2）就一般常见硫化物而言,相对比较稳定的是黄铁矿;（3）常见硫化物经氧化后,其表面的原子比率常常显示硫富余;（4）在含铁的各种常见硫化物中,除黄铁矿表面的铁相对稳定外,毒砂表面的铁也相对较稳定,而闪锌矿表面的类质同像铁却容易被氧化而发生变化。     

AFS法测量汞时存在的问题及探讨

通过测量时不断扣除背景空白及不断校正工作曲线斜率的方法,使汞的测定满足多目标地球化学样品中汞的测定要求。     

吕宋冷涡的年际变化及影响机制分析

基于吕宋岛附近海域1985-2020年的海表温度、风应力和海面高度等卫星资料,分析吕宋冷涡(Luzon Cold Eddy,LCE)强度及中心位置的年际及长期变化趋势,探讨风场和黑潮入侵在LCE变化过程中的作用.结果 表明:35 a来,LCE整体呈现减弱趋势,其中心位置最大概率出现在(117°54′E,18°06′N)...