Application of Structure‐from‐Motion photogrammetry to river restoration

Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is now used widely to study a range of earth surface processes and landforms, and is fast becoming a core tool in fluvial geomorphology. SfM photogrammetry allows extraction of topographic information and orthophotos from aerial imagery. However, one field where it is not yet widely used is that of river restoration. The characterisation of physical habitat conditions pre‐ and post‐restoration is critical for assessing project success, and SfM can be used easily and effectively for this purpose. In this paper we outline a workflow model for the application of SfM photogrammetry to collect topographic data, develop surface models and assess geomorphic change resulting from river restoration actions. We illustrate the application of the model to a river restoration project in the NW of England, to show how SfM techniques have been used to assess whether the project is achieving its geomorphic objectives. We outline the details of each stage of the workflow, which extend from preliminary decision‐making related to the establishment of a ground control network, through fish‐eye lens camera testing and calibration, to final image analysis for the creation of facies maps, the extraction of point clouds, and the development of digital elevation models (DEMs) and channel roughness maps. The workflow enabled us to confidently identify geomorphic changes occurring in the river channel over time, as well as assess spatial variation in erosion and aggradation. Critical to the assessment of change was the high number of ground control points and the application of a minimum level of detection threshold used to assess uncertainties in the topographic models. We suggest that these two things are especially important for river restoration applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多基线数字近景摄影测量测制1:500地形图的应用研究

主要阐述了基于多基线数字近景摄影测量技术测制1∶500地形图的的可行性、成图流程和成图精度等,并阐述了生产过程中各个方面的技术难点及其解决方法和建议。试验结果表明,该方法可行、精度可靠,但是有其局限性。     

利用DPGrid系统制作1∶500正射影像图

利用了DPGrid系统,实现了新疆奎屯市城区1∶500数字正射影像图生产,试验表明其可以实现城市大比例尺数字正射影像图的高效率生产。     

基于ECR与ECI星历数据的遥感影像定位

经典的共线方程中物方坐标系建立在地球表面,在航天摄影测量中,地面摄影测量坐标系的应用,增加了不同类型测量数据间联合处理的难度,限制了影像数据摄影测量处理的空间范围。本文介绍了基于视线方向的影像对地定位算法原理,并以此为基础建立了地心系下的航天影像摄影测量共线方程。针对地固地心系和空固地心系下星历数据的不同点,建立了基于两种地心系下星历数据的航天遥感影像定位严密模型,并对两种模型中偏流角处理的不同点进行了分析,最后给出了一个应用试验。     

面向信息化时代的测绘科学技术新进展

随着信息化社会发展进程的不断加速,测绘学科现已逐步实现从数字化测绘向信息化测绘新阶段的转化与跨越。本文综述了信息化测绘发展进程中相关测绘科学技术的新进展,其中包括卫星定位测量、航空航天测绘、数字化地图制图与地理信息工程、精密工程与工业测量和海洋与航道测绘等,并阐述了在其学科发展中呈现出的知识创新和技术带动能力。     

色差对摄影测量精度的影响

在工业摄影测量中,由于相对精度较高,对相机的测量精度要求也相应增高。目前,常用的相机检校方法为10参数法,此方法未对色差的影响展开研究。本文通过将照片的R、G、B颜色分离,得到三组单色照片,再分别进行自检校光束法平差,对所得结果进行物方公共点转换后,发现三组单色照片与原始灰度照片的物方点精度相当,绿色分量照片处理精度较原始灰度照片有微小的提高。     

数字近景摄影测量建筑容积率调查技术研究

城市建筑容积率是城市土地利用集约化程度的一个重要标志。基于遥感影像进行容积率调查的方法应用范围广,但误差较大。本文将数字近景摄影测量技术应用于精准容积率调查,研究了基于数字地图的单张像片参数以及顾及空间固定条件的立体像对前方交会方法,实现高精度的三维坐标获取。本文将普通数码相机和PDA相结合,辅助以GPS和全站仪等,实现了价格低廉、应用灵活快速的容积率调查集成系统,能够现场完成数据采集、存储。     

基于稀少控制点的SPOT5卫星立体条带影像的生产应用研究

随着相关技术的发展,高分辨率卫星遥感影像在测绘产品生产中的应用越来越广泛和深入。本文主要通过西部无图区测图的应用实践,讨论利用有理多项式方法、基于稀少控制点纠正的SPOT5HRS立体条带影像的测图生产情况,并对DLG、DEM等产品进行精度检测;同时与传统的航摄方法进行对比,分析其生产效率等情况。     

大比例尺地形图更新问题探讨

近年来,城市发展变化非常快,地形图更新滞后于城市发展,研究城市大比例尺地形图更新问题很有必要。本文阐述了地形图更新的方法,主要有数字摄影测量更新、利用高分辨率遥感影像更新、数字化测图更新以及借助其它项目资料进行更新等方法,并探讨了城市大比例尺地形图更新周期问题。     

Late Cambrian microbial build-ups,Llano Area,Central Texas: A three-phase morphological evolution

Although Late Cambrian microbial build-ups were recognized in the Point Peak Member of the Wilberns Formation in Central Texas (USA) nearly 70 years ago, only a few studies focused specifically on the build-ups themselves. This study focuses on the interpretation of the regional (15 measured sections described in literature representing an area of 8000 km²) and local (field and drone photogrammetry studies in a 25 km² area from within south Mason County) microbial build-up occurrence, describes their growth phases and details their interactions with the surrounding inter-build-up sediments. The study establishes the occurrence of microbial build-ups in the lower and upper Point Peak members (the Point Peak Member is informally broken up into the lower Point Peak and the upper Point Peak members separated by Plectotrophia zone). The lower Point Peak Member consists of three <1 m thick microbial bioherms and biostrome units, in addition to heterolithic and skeletal/ooid grainstone and packstone beds. One, up to 14 m thick, microbial unit associated with inter-build-up skeletal and ooid grainstone and packstone beds, intercalated with mixed siliciclastic–carbonate silt beds, characterizes the upper Point Peak member. The microbial unit in the upper Point Peak member displays a three-phase growth evolution, from an initial colonization phase on flat based, rip-up clast lenses, to a second aggradation and lateral expansion phase, into a third well-defined capping phase. The ultimate demise of the microbial build-ups is interpreted to have been triggered by an increase of water turbidity caused by a sudden influx of fine siliciclastics. The lower Point Peak member represents inner ramp shallow subtidal and intertidal facies and the upper Point Peak member corresponds to mid-outer ramp subtidal facies. Understanding the morphological architecture and depositional context of these features is of importance for identifying signatures of early life on Earth.