GIS在轨道交通建设中的应用

介绍了GIS在城市轨道交通建设中的应用，分析了轨道交通建设的评价要素和对GIS系统的建设要求提出了系统设计的总体思路和框架及应用前景。     

1957—2017年厦门市马銮湾国土开发动态规律

以厦门市马銮湾为研究区,从规模、速度和结构3方面全面分析了1957—2017年马銮湾陆域和海域土地利用的演变特征.结果表明:(1)60年间马銮湾从半农半渔的农村地区发展到现在高度城市化的城区,经历了"滩涂大开发-养殖和工业快速扩张-城镇扩张"的国土开发过程,土地利用变化速度呈加快趋势,后30年为前30年的2.1倍,近1...     

浙西梅雨滑坡易发性评价模型对比

新疆巩留县广泛发育冻融降雨型滑坡地质灾害,对其现有的研究多考虑降水,而缺乏温度影响的研究,为此,本文特增加了温度因子来进行巩留县滑坡灾害危险性评价。基于巩留县已发生的682个滑坡灾害点,选取坡度、起伏度、坡向、曲率、温度、距断层距离、距河流距离、距道路距离、工程地质岩组等9个评价因子。采用信息量模型(I)、确定性系数模型(CF)、信息量模型+逻辑回归模型(I+LR)以及确定性系数模型+逻辑回归模型(CF+LR)等4种模型对巩留县滑坡危险性进行了评价,划分为极高、高、中和低4个危险等级分区并进行了精度检验与现场实际验证。结果表明：(1)温度对滑坡有较大的触发作用;(2)耦合模型极高、高危险性分区面积明显低于单一模型极高、高危险性分区面积,其中CF+LR模型的极高、高危险性分区面积最小,低危险性分区面积最大;(3)4种模型ROC精度检验AUC值分别为0.889、0.893、0.895和0.900,均能较为客观地评价巩留县滑坡危险性。CF+LR模型精度最高,且经局部地区现场检验,CF+LR模型评价结果与实际情况也最为相符,研究成果对新疆地区巩留县滑坡地质灾害的预防和治理具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Evolution of neotectonic activity of East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) in Bingöl pull-apart basin,based on fractal dimension and morphometric indices

This study is an attempt of a semi-automatic geomorphological GIS analysis based on morphometric indices. In the study, 10-m-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used to assess the neotectonic signals regarding the recent topographic developments and to attach additional significance to active tectonics in the Bingöl basin area. The methodology incorporates the determination of the structural similarities of the faults in the basins using fractal concepts and the application of four morphometric indices (Stream Power Index (SP), Multi-resolution Index of Valley Bottom Flatness (MRVBF), Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI) and Valley Width-to-Height Ratio (Vf)). In order to detect the deviation from spatial randomness of the applied indices, the weighted correlation coefficient Moran’s I is used and the results are interpreted at a confidence interval of 99%. The spatial distribution of integrated index values is evaluated with the tectonically active fault zones in order to determine the probable activity and the structural deformation in the basin.The applied methodology reveals that the fractal analysis of the fault lines and the spatial analysis of the morphometric indices proved to be effective tools in analyzing the tectonic influence of the fault system on the basin area. Within the basin area, a relatively lesser degree of tectonic activity is observed, in contrast with the high tectonic activity outside the basin.     

Research on quantitative assessment of climate change risk at an urban scale: Review of recent progress and outlook of future direction

Cities are not only major contributors to global climate change but also stand at the forefront of climate change impact. Quantifying and assessing the risk potentially induced by climate change has great significance for cities to undertake positive climate adaptation and risk prevention. However, most of the previous studies focus on global, national or regional dimensions, only a few have attempted to examine climate change risk at an urban scale and even less in the case of a recent literature review. As a result, a quantitative assessment of climate change risk for cities remains highly challenging. To fill this gap, the article makes a critical review of the recent literature on urban-scale climate change risk assessment, and classifies them into four major categories of studies which jointly constitute a stepwise modelling chain from global climate change towards urban-scale risk assessment. On this basis, the study summarizes the updated research progresses and discusses the major challenges to be overcome for the seamless coupling of climate simulation between different scales, the reproduction of compound climate events, the incorporation of non-market and long-lasting impacts and the representation of risk transmission insides or beyond a city. Furthermore, future directions to advance quantitative assessment of urban-scale climate change risk are highlighted, with fresh insights into improving study methodology, enriching knowledge of climate change impact on city, enhancing abundance and accessibility to data, and exploring the best practice to provide city-specific climate risk service.     

GIS数据模型研究与实践

着重分析了 GIS数据建模、地理数据的 3层结构及面向对象的数据模型 ,并在此基础上提出了一种基于关系数据库的面向对象 GIS数据模型     

城市适应气候变化能力评价—以朝阳市为例

利用朝阳市1961—2016年气温、降水资料和2007—2016年社会经济资料,采用层次分析法（AHP）构建了基于气候系统和城市系统的城市适应气候变化能力评价指标体系,根据综合指数评价结果将适应能力分为五个等级,定量评估了2007—2016年朝阳市气候系统危险度、城市系统适应度以及城市适应气候变化能力动态变化。结果表明：2007—2016年朝阳市气候系统危险度显著增加,危险度由“较低”水平至“一般”水平,气候系统危险度的增加主要是由气象灾害和极端气候危险度增加造成的;随着经济发展和城市公共服务不断完善,朝阳市城市系统适应度稳步提升,由“低”水平提高至“高”水平;在气候系统和城市系统共同作用下,朝阳市城市适应气候变化能力显著提高,年增加率为0.029,综合能力由“较低”水平提升至“较高”水平。     

扬子区震旦纪地层序列和南、北方震旦系对比

198 2年“晚前寒武纪地层分类命名会议”决议“震旦系是青白口系之上的晚元古代最上部的一个年代地层单位 ,以三峡地区的剖面为代表 ,暂以莲沱组底界为底界”。但从区域性对比和同位素年代地层学分析 ,莲沱组底至黄陵花岗岩的侵蚀面之间有约 10 0 Ma的沉积缺失 ,莲沱组和南沱组也不能代表 75 0～ 6 6 0 Ma间的沉积历史。峡东地区震旦系下部地层不完整是显而易见的。本文赞同修订震旦系的含义 ,以下冰碛层 (古城组或铁丝坳组 )之底为震旦系的底界 ,年龄为 70 0 Ma。朝鲜飞浪洞组可与古城组、大塘坡组和南沱组对比 ,祥原系及辽南、徐淮地区的相当地层属“南华冰期”前的沉积地层。建议震旦系之下至青白口系顶 (85 0 Ma)之间建立辽南系 ,从而完善我国晚元古代年代地层框架     

信息增益在地震趋势估计中的应用

从熵中信息增益的定义出发，将地震中的能量和频度作为一个整体考虑，研究了全球１９００－１９９２斫Ｍ≥６．０地震的信息增益。结果表明，强震前有信息增益减小的特点。信息增益方法的引入，为利用中小地震进入地震跟踪预报提供了一个新途径。