Effect of topographic correction on forest change detection using spectral trend analysis of Landsat pixel-based composites

Pixel-based image compositing enables production of large-area surface reflectance images that are largely devoid of clouds, cloud shadows, or haze. Change detection with spectral trend analysis uses a dense time series of images, such as pixel-based composites, to quantify the year, amount, and magnitude of landscape changes. Topographically-related shadows found in mountainous terrain may confound trend-based forest change detection approaches. In this study, we evaluate the impact of topographic correction on trend-based forest change detection outcomes by comparing the amount and location of changes identified on an image composite with and without a topographic correction. Moreover, we evaluated two different approaches to topographic correction that are relevant to pixel-based image composites: the first corrects each pixel according to the day of year (DOY) the pixel was acquired, whilst the second corrects all pixels to a single reference date (August 1st), which was also the target date for generating the pixel-based image composite. Our results indicate that a greater area of change is detected when no topographic correction is applied to the image composite, however, the difference in change area detected between no correction and either the DOY or the August 1st correction is minor and less than 1% (0.54–0.85%). The spatial correspondence of these different approaches is 96.2% for the DOY correction and 97.7% for the August 1st correction. The largest differences between the correction processes occur in valleys (0.71–1.14%), upper slopes (0.71–1.09%), and ridges (0.73–1.09%). While additional tests under different conditions and in other environments are encouraged, our results indicate that topographic correction may not be justified in change detection routines computing spectral trends from pixel-based composites.     

基于二维码的城市部件移动巡查系统研究

针对市政部门在数字城市建设中提高城市基础部件巡查维护效率的需求,引入二维码技术到城市部件移动巡查系统架构中,剖析系统的主要功能模块,研究二维码技术应用、ArcGIS Server地图服务发布和移动终端定位等系统构建关键技术,设计并实现基于二维码技术的城市部件移动巡查系统。系统达到提高城市部件移动巡查工作效率和质量的效果,为提高城市部件移动巡查工作提供良好的解决方案和思路。     

基于MapGIS软件明码文件钻孔柱状图制作

通过实例简要说明了Excel软件、Map GIS软件明码文件及辅助软件MGT6在绘制钻孔柱状图中的应用.实例采用某矿区实际钻孔回次进尺数据,对数据进行整理、计算.利用Excel软件和Map GIS软件生成钻孔回次线明码文件后,进而绘制钻孔回次线,建立钻孔柱状图绘制模板,用Map GIS二次开发辅助软件MGT6进行回次数据输入.钻孔柱状图绘制模板建立后,进行其他钻孔柱状图绘制时可直接输入回次进尺而成图.     

Waveform inversion and focal mechanisms of two weak earthquakes in Cordillera Principal (Argentina) between 35° and 35.5° S

Only few (six) focal mechanism, in CMT Catalog, have been so far known for intraplate shallow events in the Andean chain close to Chile–Argentina state border at latitudes ∼35° S. We add two more mechanisms, depths and moment magnitudes by carefully analyzing full waveforms of weak events recorded by broad-band stations of the Chile Argentina Geophysical Experiment (southern profile). The moment magnitudes of both events (Mw = 3.6 and 3.7) are lower than the duration magnitudes (Md = 4.0 and 4.29) reported by NEIC. The source depth, constrained by waveforms for one of the studied events (5.5–8.5 km) seems to be considerably shallower than the hypocenter depth located by means of arrival times (∼20 km). The waveform analysis was complemented by first-motion polarities which resulted in an uncertainty assessment of the focal mechanism. Event 1 (2001-11-03) has a strike-slip mechanism with a small normal component and almost vertical nodal planes in the north-south and east-west directions. The north-south nodal plane could be related to the Calabozos faults system. Event 2 (2002-02-16) has a strike-slip mechanism with a small thrust component. The latter event (its subhorizontal nodal plane) could be associated with the El Diablo-El Fierro fault system. Dextral strike-slip solutions are consistent with recent studies in the area.     

一种改进条码尺编码的闸门开度测量方法

闸门开度测量是水工闸门监控最基本的指标之一,传统的闸门开度测量方法测量精度低、测量难度大。为解决测量闸门开度难题,本文研究了基于条码尺图像分析的闸门开度测量方法,针对三周期等间距条码尺编码的缺陷,提出了一种新的编码解码方式进行改进,并建立了一套完整的闸门开度测量检测系统。模拟闸门实时开度试验结果表明,本系统能够实时全自动测量闸门开度信息,测量精度高,稳定性强,表明改进后方法能够取得较好的闸门开度测量效果,为实际闸门开度工程测量提供了有效的解决思路。     

Topographic and geomorphological features and tectogenesis of the southern section of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) and its adjacent areas

The Philippine Sea is the largest marginal sea in the Western Pacific Ocean and is divided into two parts by the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). The western part is the West Philippine Basin, and the eastern part consists of the Shikoku and Parece Vela basins. Based on surveyed data of massive high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data and sub-bottom profiles data collected from the southern section of the KPR from 2018 to 2021, this paper analyzes the topographic and geomorphological features, shallow sedimentary features, and tectonic genesis of the southern section of the KPR, obtaining the following conclusions. The southern section of the KPR has complex and rugged topography, with positive and negative topography alternatingly distributed and a maximum height difference of 4086 m. The slope of seamounts in this section generally exceeds 10° and is up to a maximum of 59°. All these contribute noticeably discontinuous topography. There are primarily nine geomorphological types in the southern section of the KPR, including seamounts, ridges, and intermontane valleys, etc. Among them, seven independent seamount groups are divided by five large troughs, forming an overall geomorphological pattern of seven abyssal seamount groups and five troughs. This reflects the geomorphological features of a deep oceanic ridge. Intramontane basins and intermontane valleys in the southern section of the KPR are covered by evenly thick sediments. In contrast, sediments in ridges and seamounts in this section are thin or even missing, with slumps developing locally. Therefore, the sediments are discontinuous and unevenly developed. The KPR formed under the control of tectonism such as volcanic activities and plate movements. In addition, exogenic forces such as underflow scouring and sedimentation also play a certain role in shaping seafloor landforms in the KPR.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

湘黔桂交界区贵州省从江县黎家坡南华系剖面新观察——一条良好的南华大冰期沉积记录剖面

从江县黎家坡南华系剖面位于黔桂交界处,交通尚便,是一条地层发育良好、厚度巨大、沉积连续、层序完整、顶底界线清楚的剖面。内部岩石地层单位由下至上依次为:长安组、富禄组和黎家坡组,其划分标志清楚,易于识别和掌握,并可进行区域对比。在剖面上,南华系与下伏青白口系下江群隆里组和上覆震旦系陡山沱组均为整合接触。该剖面较完整而连续地记录了该区南华大冰期(包括长安冰期、富禄间冰期和南沱冰期)的沉积演化史,是研究雪球事件的良好场所之一。     

Tall building performance‐based seismic design using SCEC broadband platform site‐specific ground motion simulations

The scarcity of strong ground motion records presents a challenge for making reliable performance assessments of tall buildings whose seismic design is controlled by large‐magnitude and close‐distance earthquakes. This challenge can be addressed using broadband ground‐motion simulation methods to generate records with site‐specific characteristics of large‐magnitude events. In this paper, simulated site‐specific earthquake seismograms, developed through a related project that was organized through the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Ground Motion Simulation Validation (GMSV) Technical Activity Group, are used for nonlinear response history analyses of two archetype tall buildings for sites in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino. The SCEC GMSV team created the seismograms using the Broadband Platform (BBP) simulations for five site‐specific earthquake scenarios. The two buildings are evaluated using nonlinear dynamic analyses under comparable record suites selected from the simulated BBP catalog and recorded motions from the NGA‐West database. The collapse risks and structural response demands (maximum story drift ratio, peak floor acceleration, and maximum story shear) under the BBP and NGA suites are compared. In general, this study finds that use of the BBP simulations resolves concerns about estimation biases in structural response analysis which are caused by ground motion scaling, unrealistic spectral shapes, and overconservative spectral variations. While there are remaining concerns that strong coherence in some kinematic fault rupture models may lead to an overestimation of velocity pulse effects in the BBP simulations, the simulations are shown to generally yield realistic pulse‐like features of near‐fault ground motion records.     

Geographical Publications

Abstract

Using Gardner's Multiple Intelligences framework to teach map symbols to upper elementary school students can effectively communicate essential map content while allowing students to develop in all areas of intelligence. Curricular activities based on the seven intelligences initially identified by Gardner help students not only to recognize and practice their strengths but to stretch beyond their strengths to practice their less-developed intelligences. This article briefly reviews Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences and describes multiple intelligences-inspired tasks for learning fundamental concepts about map symbols.     

利用代码迁移进行WPS服务

现有网络分析服务(Web processing service,WPS)规范数据传输量大的缺点限制了其应用。对此,提出了基于代码迁移的WPS新模型,该模型能在WPS执行过程中避免大量空间数据的传输,提高了WPS执行效率。实验系统使用不同客户端程序验证了新模式的有效性。