白洋工业园地形测绘

利用湖北枝江白洋工业园规划区域测区内的6个E级GPS点（平面系统为1954年北京坐标系,高程系统为国家黄海高程系统）,作为一、二级导线,图根控制测量的起算点,采用GPS拟合高程,测定142个图根控制点,测绘该区域28．201平方千米1：1000数字地形图。测绘成果精度满足规划要求。     

GML数据整体索引方法研究

根据GML语义空间查询的需要,本文在分析GML索引相关技术的基础上,提出以GML地理要素为基本索引单元、联合地理要素扩展区域编码与空间几何属性构成语义空间闭包,基于传统的空间索引技术构建GML数据整体索引的方法。并通过实验对比了GML整体索引与单独索引在语义空间查询中的效率。实验证明,本文提出的整体索引方法优于单独索引,具有较好的实用价值。     

On the geoid–quasigeoid separation in mountain areas

The separation between the reference surfaces for orthometric heights and normal heights—the geoid and the quasigeoid—is typically in the order of a few decimeters but can reach nearly 3 m in extreme cases. The knowledge of the geoid–quasigeoid separation with centimeter accuracy or better, is essential for the realization of national and international height reference frames, and for precision height determination in geodetic engineering. The largest contribution to the geoid–quasigeoid separation is due to the distribution of topographic masses. We develop a compact formulation for the rigorous treatment of topographic masses and apply it to determine the geoid–quasigeoid separation for two test areas in the Alps with very rough topography, using a very fine grid resolution of 100 m. The magnitude of the geoid–quasigeoid separation and its accuracy, its slopes, roughness, and correlation with height are analyzed. Results show that rigorous treatment of topographic masses leads to a rather small geoid–quasigeoid separation—only 30 cm at the highest summit—while results based on approximations are often larger by several decimeters. The accuracy of the topographic contribution to the geoid–quasigeoid separation is estimated to be 2–3 cm for areas with extreme topography. Analysis of roughness of the geoid–quasigeoid separation shows that a resolution of the modeling grid of 200 m or less is required to achieve these accuracies. Gravity and the vertical gravity gradient inside of topographic masses and the mean gravity along the plumbline are modeled which are important intermediate quantities for the determination of the geoid–quasigeoid separation. We conclude that a consistent determination of the geoid and quasigeoid height reference surfaces within an accuracy of few centimeters is feasible even for areas with extreme topography, and that the concepts of orthometric height and normal height can be consistently realized and used within this level of accuracy.     

基于三维地图视觉变量理论的三维符号设计

本文首先介绍了三维符号的一种分类方法,然后结合三维态势感知的特点,将三维地图符号视觉变量理论合理的运用到三维符号的设计中去,并从实际应用的角度分析了三维态势表达中符号设计的合理性。     

基于Freeman编码的遥感影像直角型房屋半自动提取方法研究

通过分析遥感影像中直角型房屋特点,本文提出一种新的房屋提取方法:利用Freeman编码推导出常见直角型房屋代码,使得每一种形状房屋都具有惟一编号,且编号不随房屋大小、方位及位置改变而改变,利用Hough变换提取房屋角点并剔除伪角点,最后利用模式匹配方法获得各个角点之间的连接关系。实验结果表明该方法具有较强的抗噪性,能有效提取影像中直角型房屋。     

地理标记语言的一体化索引方法研究(英文)

Currently,the OGC GML(Geography Markup Language) specification has been the de facto standard for GIS data sharing and exchanging and spatial interoperation.Adopting nested association expression approach of XML data,GML data documents can store both spatial information and semantic relationship information of geographical elements.To improve the efficiency of path query on GML two type information,the paper describes a holistic index method for GML data,which we call EKR+(optimized R+-tree base on Extend R...     

一种空间方向关系的细节描述方法

以描述不同细节层次下的方向关系为目的,用内部方向的详细划分来完善空间方向表达,并创造性地将邻接代码的编码思想用于内部细节矩阵的构建,巧妙地将多个内部方向描述矩阵融为一体,从而完成了空间方向关系的深度细节描述。     

Geomorphic characteristics of hillslope and channelized debris flows: A case study in the Shitou area of central Taiwan

The data on the hillslope and channelized debris flows in the Shitou area of central Taiwan occurred during Typhoons Toraji and Nali in 2001 were applied in this paper. The geomorphic parameters, including the flow length, gully gradient, drainage area and form factor of the debris flows were determined by spatial analysis using a Geographic Information System （GIS） based on the data derived from field investigation, aerial photographs, and topographical maps. According to such determined geomorphic parameters, the threshold conditions and empirical equations, such as the relationship between the gully gradient and drainage area and that between gully length and drainage area and topographic parameter, are presented and used to distinguish the geomorphic characteristics between the channelized and hillslope debris flows.     

一种支持篡改定位的电子航海图零水印研究

本文针对电子航海图（ENC）使用过程中面临的数据安全问题,结合S-57标准下CRC校验和完整性认证需求,提出了一种顾及点位篡改定位特性的电子航海图零水印算法。该算法在分析ENC物标（要素）中以经纬度表示的离散点位坐标数据分布规律的基础上,构造离散点经纬度坐标数据校验码生成模型,结合离散点经纬度坐标数量对ENC单元格网进行二叉树分块处理,并分块解算基于离散点经纬度坐标校验码的二值序列,通过该二值序列与置乱加密后的水印图像进行异或操作构造零水印图像。算法中离散点的经纬度坐标校验码和格网分块技术的引入,在保证ENC数据精度和满足CRC校验的同时,具备点位篡改定位的特性。试验结果表明,该水印算法具有良好的稳健性、不可见性和一定的篡改定位精度,适用于电子航海图数据的版权保护。     

复杂地质结构OBS地震剖面震相识别方法

震相识别对获取深部速度结构至关重要.横穿加瓜海脊的T1测线东段,地形高差达3 km,沉积厚度相差约2 km,沉积基底变化复杂,对海底地震仪（OBS）地震剖面的震相识别增加了难度.本文以该测线东段OBS数据为例,采用地形校正、基底校正、多次波识别、正演模拟、走时投影等多种手段,开展了复杂构造的OBS震相识别研究,获得了测线下方深部速度结构模型.结果表明,采用的方法对复杂地质结构下OBS震相识别是行之有效的,相比传统的方法提供了更多且准确的震相走时信息,获得的速度模型更加可靠.