基于C++Builder与MATFOR平台的MT/AMT数据处理软件开发

基于C++Builder的快速开发环境与MATFOR开发工具的高性能数值运算和可视化功能,开发了针对我国MT/AMT勘探实际需求的数据处理软件。其功能有MT/AMT数据预处理、一维正反演、二维正反演和数据转换处理。通过理论模型的二维正、反演计算,表明开发的软件计算结果可靠、系统性能稳定、界面友好、操作方便,可用于实际生产数据的处理。     

Interest in geological and palaeontological curiosities by southern African non-western societies: A review and perspectives for future study

Compared with other parts of the world, the study of geomythology in southern Africa, and the associated documentation of non-western awareness of palaeontological and geological phenomena, is in an early phase. We focus on examples of rocks and fossils as items of special interest and curiosity, and we search for evidence of an indigenous palaeontology and geology. We review twenty-one sites or cases for which published accounts exist, and we describe a newly identified trilobite manuport site. In combination these sites provide various levels of evidence of palaeontological and geological awareness exhibited by non-western cultures in southern Africa, and how these cultures incorporated this knowledge into their understanding of their world. We anticipate that in time a diverse heritage of such ‘natural knowledge’ may become evident in southern Africa, aided in part by recognition of the possibility that rock art images may be associated with awareness of body fossils and trace fossils. We suggest ways in which further analysis may bolster this contention.     

土壤发生性碳酸盐碳稳定性同位素模型及其应用

干旱、半干旱地区土壤无机碳库比有机碳库大2~5倍,无机碳库及其周转在该地区土壤碳平衡中具有重要意义。土壤发生性碳酸盐是土壤发育过程的产物,与岩生性碳酸盐溶解/沉积平衡、土壤有机碳分解CO2的再转化密切相关。发生性碳酸盐碳稳定性同位素主要由土壤CO2的碳同位素组成决定,可以用描述不饱和层气体质量传递的扩散—生成模型模拟。在土壤碳酸盐体系（土壤CO2(g)、碳酸盐和土壤溶液）处于同位素平衡状态时,根据生物过程产生的分子扩散以及碳酸盐化学平衡反应的分馏模型,发生性碳酸盐δ13C值比有机质δ13C值大14‰~16‰。扩散—生成模型和/或分馏模型可以用于鉴定和定量化分散态发生性碳酸盐组分、区分土壤碳酸盐悬膜上发生性碳酸盐的比例,并可用于定量评价土地利用管理措施对碳酸盐溶解/沉积平衡的影响,这在全球碳循环研究中具有重要意义。     

用有限混合网络模型计算天津地热田热水量

针对因地热水位动态资料不足而导致的水量计算结果偏离实际的状况,以天津地热田雾迷山组热储层为例,建立了利用放射性同位素14C资料进行地热水量计算的有限混合网络模型,并利用1998～2001年的水位、水量及14C资料进行了模型的识别,得到了有效孔隙度和弹性释水率等水文地质参数,利用所建立的模型及水文地质参数计算了地热水的储存量及补给量.研究表明,地热水的开采主要是消耗弹性储量.     

低渗透油藏薄差油水层解释方法研究

本文分析了影响永乐油田葡萄花油藏薄差油水层解释精度的因素，提出了永乐油田薄差层流体识别的有效方法，为外围油田新区钻井运行及射孔方案编制提供较为准确的基础数据。     

Oxidation and Origin of Organic Matter in Surficial Eastern Mediterranean Hemipelagic Sediments

Aerobic mineralisation of C_org in surface sedimentsof the deep (>2000 m water depth) eastern Mediterranean Sea has been quantified by analysis of detailedbox core C_org concentration versus depth profiles and the modelling environment for early diageneticproblems MEDIA. The reactive fraction comprises 60–80% of the total C_org reachingthe sediments and is largely oxidised within the surficial 10 cm. A non-reactive C _orgfraction (G_NR) dominates at depths >10 cm, and makes up20–40% of the total C _org flux to the sediments. First-order rateconstants for decomposition of the reactive fraction calculated from theC _org profiles range from 5.4 × 10^-3 to8.0 × 10^-3 y^-1 to 8.0 × 10^-3 y^-1. Total mineralization rates in thesurface sediment are between 1.7 and 2.6 mol C cm^-2 y^-1 and thus are typical for oligotrophic, deep-seaenvironments. The low fluxes and rapid remineralisation of C _org are accompanied by²¹⁰Pb_excess surface mixed layers which are only 2 cm deep, among the thinnest reported for oxygenated marine sediments.Model results indicate a mismatch between the C _org profiles and O₂ microprofileswhich were measured onboard ship. This can be attributed to a combination of decompression artefactsaffecting onboard measurement of the O₂ profiles or the leakage ofoxygen into the core during handling on deck. Furthermore, the used D_b values, based on ²¹⁰Pb, may not befully appropriate; calculations with higher D_b values improve the O₂ fits. The surficial sediment¹³C _org values of -22 become less negative with increasing depth and decreasing C _orgconcentrations. The major ¹³C change occurs in the top 3 to 4 cm and coincides with the interval weremost of the organic carbon oxidation takes place. This indicates that the reactive fractionof organic matter, commonly assumed to be marine, has a more negative ¹³C _orgthan the refractory fraction, usually held to be terrestrial. Palaeoproductivity estimates calculated from thesediment data by means of literature algorithms yield low surface productivities(12–88 gC m^-2 y^-1), which are in good agreement with field measurements of primary productivity in otherstudies. Such values are, however, significantly lower than those indicated by recent productivitymaps of the area derived from satellite imagery (>100 gC m^-2 y^-1).     

特殊碳同位素组成白云岩的发现及其意义

据现有文献报导,除前寒武系和第三系外,地史时期中白云岩δ13C值主要分布在-5‰～+5‰的范围。但是,作者在研究准噶尔盆地上二叠统芦草沟组白云岩碳同位素时获得了一批高度富集13C的资料,其中白云岩δ13C分布于7.3‰～ 17.9‰,平均11.7‰(7);白云石δ13C介于7.9‰～16,平均11.6‰(5)。根据区域地质、岩石学和矿物学资料,结合现代沉积剖面、细菌作用模拟实验和古代沉积剖面碳酸盐矿物碳同位素特征,分析了白云岩分布特征。作者认为白云岩中如此高的富集除了全球二叠纪生物埋藏速率较快和研究区古盐度较高外,更主要的因素应与厌氧条件下发酵带内细菌作用引起有机物质碳同位素分馏,形成贫的和富的有关。这一过程进行得愈充分,沉积介质中富集的的浓度越高,形成的白云岩碳同位素组成越重。同时,只有这一作用持续存在才能形成大量富的与黑色页岩互层的白云岩。这一现象从一个侧面说明在芦草沟组沉积时有一个持续时间较长的细菌活动时期,从而,生成了数量可观的以甲烷为主的生物气。由于生物气形成时代较老,易于扩散逸失,它们难于单独成藏保存至今,但作为天然气复合成藏来源之一,则应予关注。     

长江三峡非正常含炭粘土沉积及其地质灾害意义

在长江三峡工程库区巫山、奉节、云阳等新县城进行工程地质勘察过程中, 发现在长江岸坡地带存在含炭粘土沉积.对部分含炭粘土进行了14C年龄测定, 年龄测定结果与该含炭粘土层所在高程相当的阶地形成年代不一致, 含炭粘土为非正常沉积.非正常含炭粘土的存在与发现, 一方面揭示出巫山等移民新县城斜坡经历了非正常的形成演化; 另一方面说明长江三峡河谷演化过程中夹杂着突发的地质灾害事件.      

天然、优化、处理翡翠玉件常规仪器鉴别(一)

多年系统研究和大量样品检测证明：正确鉴别天然(A)、优化(B)翡翠玉件，比重、荧光是指示，结构是基础，识别充填物是关键，拉曼、红外作验证，综合分析下结论。而在常规仪器检测过程中，特别抓住结构(基础)、充填物(关键)，即：用岩矿显微镜细致观察翡翠玉件结构，辅以针探和微区组分鉴别法区分各种充填物，结合比重、荧光检测结果，可以准确、快捷、经济地鉴别翡翠玉件A货、B货，而不需使用红外、拉曼。借助色源类型鉴别可正确鉴别处理翡翠玉件(C货)。     

烃源岩中C19~C29甾烷系列和25 降藿烷系列的检出及其地质意义

沉积有机质中通常可检测到C21（孕甾烷）、C22（升孕甾烷）和C27~C29甾烷,但C19、C20和C23~C26甾烷并不常见。在三塘湖盆地芦草沟组黑色页岩中检出了完整的C19~C29甾烷系列和25 降藿烷系列。如此完整且丰度较高的此类化合物,尚无文献报道。这一新的资料可能蕴含着丰富的油气地球化学信息。初步认为这2个系列的化合物指示:其古环境为干旱和咸化水体环境;有机质以藻类和浮游生物等低等水生生物来源为主,在沉积初期遭受强烈的生物降解作用;原始有机质与细菌降解的产物共存,成为生烃先质。