论矿床的自然分类——四论矿床的成矿系列问题

矿床的成矿系列概念是一种研究区域成矿规律的学术思想,亦是一种新的矿床分类——矿床的自然分类。矿床的自然分类,是以成矿的时代、成矿的地质构造环境、地质成矿作用与所形成的矿床组合自然体这4个因素作为划分原则的。以矿床成矿系列为基本单元,具有5级序次体系:第一序次为矿床成矿系列组合、矿床成矿系列组和矿床成矿系列类型,第二序次为矿床成矿系列,第三序次为矿床成矿亚系列,第四序次为矿床式,第五序次为矿床。矿床的自然分类着重强调矿床在四维时-空域中形成的完整的自然地质过程,恢复矿床在一定时-空域中存在的客观自然面貌。矿床的自然分类是一个既科学又具有实用价值的分类方案。     

夏季不同源地水汽对我国西北区降水影响的数值模拟(Ⅰ): 模拟试验方案及对照试验结果

为客观地检验夏季不同源区水汽对我国西北区降水影响的相对重要性, 在本文中我们划分了东南沿海、 孟加拉湾、 青藏高原及西风带等水汽源区, 选择了西北区全区性湿月1979年7月, 利用NCAR MM5中尺度模式和NCEP再分析值资料作初、 侧边界条件, 对该月分别执行了检验模式性能的对照试验及检验减、 增各源区水汽影响的敏感性试验等共13个试验。文章上篇的主要结果如下： （1）两对照试验为传统的仅月初给定初始场, 连续积分全月的连续积分试验（CONA）及每5天更新初始场, 分6段接力式完成全月积分的分段积分试验（CONB）。（2）两对照试验虽都较好地再现了该月亚洲中、 高纬度较平直的月平均西风环流, 但CONB试验更好地再现了该月淮河－川西半环状多雨带及江南、 华南、 以及西北区少雨的降水分布格局, 还令人鼓舞地捕捉了该月西北区东南部的各次降水过程, 即MM5模式对该月形势和降水的模拟性能较好, 因而其下篇分别减、增不同源区水汽影响的敏感性试验结果也是可信的.（3）对某天气气候事件的事后较长时间的模拟, 采用分段积分模拟方案, 可部分提高模式的模拟效果。     

Diagnosis of a Severe Rainstorm Event Induced by Eastly Wave and Vortex in Off Southeast Coast of China

Using the NCEP reanalysis at 1° ×1° resolution in conjunction with satellite imagery, a study is undertaken of easterly wave related rainstorm events on August 3～4, 2001 in seaboards between northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang, expounding the scheme for computing helicity, and exploring the rainstorm evolution and the genesis of the Yandang mountains-triggered a meso-vortex (Duan and Chen, 2005) by means of helicity and Q vector divergence. Besides, MM5V2 is employed to simulate the easterly wave caused meso-vortex. Results show that the development of the central intensity and location of the high-valued helicity is well indicative of the fallout area and the genesis of the meso-vortex, discovering that the space/time evolutions of helicity serve as indicators of some utility for the rainfall occurrence; it is revealed that the calculated helicity is of higher precision than MM5V2 simulations in predicting the initial position and the track of the meso-vortex, with their combination contributing to the improvement of predicting the meso-vortex, also, the space/time evolutions in the superimposition of the zone of large-value helicity gradients upon that of high-value Q vector divergence gradients can be used to accurately forecast the rainstorm happening and initial position of the meso-vortex, thereby illustrating the higher ability of diagnosing the precipitation and its system in the superimposed region.     

祁连山冬季降雪个例模拟分析(Ⅱ):人工催化试验

利用部分改进了的中尺度模式MM5V3对2006年2月7～8日甘肃北部地区一次冷云降雪过程进行了人工催化的数值试验,研究加入人工冰晶对祁连山北坡地区冷性层云降雪的影响.进行了不同剂量和不同高度的催化试验,详细分析了催化后的微物理过程和动力热力过程的变化.结果表明:累积降雪中心的上风方含有过冷云水的区域为催化潜力区.催化后累积降雪中心雪量增加,增雪区周围出现分散的减雪区.过冷云水最多并且最缺乏冰晶粒子的层次具有很好的催化条件.加人人工冰晶后消耗了水汽和过冷云水,冰晶和雪的量值均有所增加,雪碰并冰晶过程、冰品转化过程、凝华过程是雪增长的主要过程,相态变化引起的潜热增加导致升温和上升运动加强.这种变化同时使周围的垂直运动和水成物含量发生改变,周围的上升运动减弱,雪的含量减少,产生了减雪区.     

Anthropogenic Direct Radiative Forcing of Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosols from 1850 to 2000 Estimated with IPCC AR5 Emissions Inventories

This study estimates direct radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone and all aerosols between the years 1850 and 2000, using the new IPCC AR5 （the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report） emissions inventories and a fully coupled chemistry-aerosol general circulation model. As compared to the previous Global Emissions Inventory Activity （GEIA） data, that have been commonly used for forcing estimates since 1990, the IPCC AR5 emissions inventories report lower anthropogenic emissions of organic carbon and black carbon aerosols and higher sulfur and NOx emissions. The simulated global and annual mean burdens of sulfate, nitrate, black carbon （BC）, primary organic aerosol （POA）, secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, and ozone were 0.79, 0.35, 0.05, 0.49, 0.34, and 269 Tg, respectively, in the year 1850, and 1.90, 0.90, 0.11, 0.71, 0.32, and 377 Tg, respectively, in the year 2000. The estimated annual mean top of the atmosphere （TOA） direct radiative forcing of all anthropogenic aerosols based on the AR5 emissions inventories is -0.60 W m^-2 on a global mean basis from 1850 to 2000. However, this is -2.40 W m-2 when forcing values are averaged over eastern China （18-45°N and 95-125°E）. The value for tropospheric ozone is 0.17 W m^-1 on a global mean basis and 0.24 W m^-2 over eastern China. Forcing values indicate that the climatic effect of aerosols over eastern China is much more significant than the globally averaged effect.     

云导风资料在遗传算法同化系统中的应用

利用云导风资料和常规观测资料,采用遗传算法同化系统和中尺度MM5模式对2005年7月9～10日长江流域的暴雨过程进行了模拟和分析.结果表明:遗传算法同化系统可以同化常规资料和非常规资料.使用遗传算法同化系统可以有效改善数值预报模式的初始场,在一定程度上提高物理量场的预报,但对降水场的预报效果改善不明显.加入云导风资料后,可进一步改善风场和温度场,使得物理量场和降水场的预报更加接近实况.     

志丹探区西南部长4+5段成岩作用及其对储层的影响

为了认清鄂尔多斯盆地志丹探区西南部三叠系延长组长4+5段有利储层的分布规律,通过大量岩石薄片和铸体薄片的镜下鉴定,并结合扫描电镜、阴极发光和X-衍射等测试结果,研究了该区长4+5段主要成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响.研究结果显示,长4+5段主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用:强烈的压实作用及胶结作用导致其原生孔隙丧失殆尽,成为形成特低孔渗储层的主要原因,而晚期较弱的溶蚀作用,对储层的改善发挥了较大作用,从而使鄂尔多斯盆地延长组发育部分有利储层,形成较好的储集-成岩相带.     

3D quantification of mineral components and porosity distribution in Westphalian C sandstone by microfocus X-ray computed tomography

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) measurements were performed on deltaic sandstone samples from the diagenetically altered Westphalian C strata (Campine basin, north-east Belgium) in order to collect three dimensional data on mineral (quartz, kaolinite, ankerite, etc.) and porosity distribution. The acquired µCT data were compared with point counting results of stained impregnated thin-sections to qualify the sensitivity of µCT. Comparison between techniques shows positive results with regard to the quantification of main mineral phases such as quartz and ankerite, and porosity distribution. However, major discrepancies exist when studying the clay minerals. This can be explained by the influence of microporosity associated with these clay minerals, resulting in partial volume effects.     

新显色剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯的合成及其与钯的显色反应

合成并用红外光谱和元素分析鉴定了氟代吡啶偶氮氨类新试剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(5-F-PADAT),并研究了该试剂与钯显色的反应。结果表明,在0.32~3.84 mol/L高氯酸溶液中,试剂与钯形成1∶1的紫红色络合物,其最大吸收峰位于566 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.84×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钯的浓度在0~2000μg/L符合比耳定律。方法选择性好,大量常见金属离子不干扰钯的测定,操作简单,应用于矿样和催化剂中微量钯的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法相符。     

Search for TeV gamma-rays from Geminga pulsar

We present the results of observation of the Geminga pulsar carried out in the TeV energy band during the 6 year period spanning 2000–2006 using the Pachmarhi Array of Cherenkov Telescopes (PACT). A long stretch of data, new computer codes and the “Tempo” package have been used in the present analysis. We have searched for evidence of pulsed emission of γ-rays from the Geminga pulsar using the post-glitch pulsar elements obtained by Jackson and Halpern from X-ray/γ-ray satellite data. We do not see any significant evidence for pulsed emission from the Geminga pulsar at a threshold energy of 825 GeV. In this paper we present our results on the light curve in the TeV energy band, set an upper limit on the time averaged flux of γ-rays, and compare our results with other ground based observations.