弯折断层系统上超剪切破裂传播的产生条件

断层的破裂速度是描述地震震源过程的重要物理量.如果震源破裂的传播速度超过剪切波速,将会对地震波场产生影响,造成更大的破坏性.超剪切破裂的产生受多种因素影响,断层的几何形状是因素之一.本文针对弯折断层的情况,采用三维空间非结构化网格的边界积分方法计算参数空间中的破裂相图,从中分析超剪切破裂的产生条件.以15°、25°和4...     

Propulsive efficiency and structural response of a sandwich composite propeller

Studying the sandwich composite propeller (SCMP) is of great significance since the sandwich structure is lightweight and possesses high strength. This study proposes and verifies a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method for a 3D underwater sandwich composite structure to calculate the performance of the propeller. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes formula-based computational fluid dynamics is adopted to solve for propeller loads, whereas the finite element method (FEM) is applied to solve for propeller deformations. ANSYS Workbench’s system coupling is utilized to deliver the loads and deformations in the FSI. The paper also compares the propulsive performance and structural response of the SCMP and conventional composite propeller (CMP). The impact of the structural form and core material on the SCMP is explored. The results show that the weight reduction effect of the SCMP is better than that of the CMP, the propulsive efficiency of the SCMP is higher at low advance coefficients and lower at high advance coefficients, and the maximum pitch angles of the SCMP decrease at all conditions, unlike the case for the CMP. Moreover, the thinner the facing of the SCMP, the greater the influence of the higher twist–deformation ratio of the resulting structural form on the intrinsic frequency.     

Complex variations in sediment transport at three large river bifurcations during discharge waves in the river Rhine

River bifurcations strongly control the distribution of water and sediment over a river system. A good understanding of this distribution process is crucial for river management. In this paper, an extensive data set from three large bifurcations in the Dutch Rhine is presented, containing data on bed‐load transport, suspended bed sediment transport, dune development and hydrodynamics. The data show complex variations in sediment transport during discharge waves. The objective of this paper is to examine and explain these measured variations in sediment transport. It is found that bend sorting upstream of the bifurcations leads to supply limitation, particularly in the downstream branch that originates in the outer bend of the main channel. Tidal water level variations lead to cyclical variations in the sediment distribution over the downstream branches. Lags in dune development cause complex hysteresis patterns in flow parameters and sediment transport. All bifurcations show evidence of sediment waves, which probably are intrinsic bifurcation phenomena. The complex transport processes at the three bifurcations cause distinct discontinuities in the downstream fining trend of the river. Differences among the studied river bifurcations are mainly due to differences in sediment mobility (Shields value). Because the variations in sediment transport are complex and poorly correlated with the flow discharge, prediction of the sediment distribution with existing relationships for one‐dimensional models is problematic.     

Structural design of buried pipelines for severe earthquakes

In order to realistically assess the seismic risk of a pipeline system, the accurate estimate of the pipe strains which depend upon structural details, pipe material, properties of the surrounding soil, the nature of the propagating wave, etc. is critical. Emphasis in this study, therefore has been placed on the analysis of a structural strain for several types of piping elements unique to the buried pipeline and also the provision of a simplified design formula which can be used practically. The purpose of this study is (a) to define the slippage factor in order to estimate the decrease in pipe strain resulting from the slippage effect, (b) to propose a simplified method to evaluate the plastic deformation of the pipeline for severe earthquakes, and (c) to derive a practical design formula for the structural strains of bent pipes.     

滇西北丽江地区石鼓古湖的发现及其在现代金沙江河谷发育中的意义

在云南石鼓"长江第一湾"附近河段两岸发现了10多处典型的第四纪湖相沉积物露头,它们构成了金沙江第二、三、四级阶地的基座。热释光(TL)和U系法年龄测定及磁性地层学研究结果表明,该套湖相沉积物中上部的时代属于243.3～88.0kaBP的中更新世晚期至晚更新世早期,上覆的第四级阶地沉积物的年龄为88.0～80.9kaBP。湖相沉积物的粒度、地球化学和粘土矿物分析结果表明,其沉积环境有由温湿向湿热转化的趋势。根据对玉龙雪山更新世冰川作用的研究,石鼓古湖最初应是玉龙雪山西麓中更新世早期玉龙冰期冰碛物堰塞金沙江河谷而成的,中更新世晚期丽江冰期的冰水沉积物进一步加以堰塞,直至8万多年前被金沙江侵蚀而再次贯通。