北京市地质灾害状况及制定地质环境管理办法论证

论文从北京市自然地质背景和资源现状出发，根据目前资源开采中存在的地质环境问题、地质灾害程度以及地质环境发展趋势，论述了北京应尽快制定、颁布与实施地质环境管理办法的必要性、迫切性、可行性和相关依据。北京市主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面沉降等地质灾害以及矿山环境污染，而针对这些问题开展的监测预报工作还很少。纵观北京市社会、经济及资源的利用与发展，已逐步显现出地质灾害、矿山环境等地质环境问题对社会经济发展带来的诸多困扰。目前地质灾害及地质环境管理的现状都显示出本市地质环境监测与预报工作还很薄弱，相应的法律、法规建设也不健全。因此，制定地质环境管理办法已迫在眉睫，应使地质环境管理有法可依，改善目前地质环境，保证北京市社会经济可持续发展。     

北京地区3500a来的气候与环境变迁——兼论昆明湖的沧桑

通过对北京颐和园昆明湖中沉积物的沉积特征的研究,结合历史记载,对昆明湖水域的形成时间和发展过程有了深入的了解,据此对北京地区3500a以来的气候与环境变迁作出了科学的划分,为探讨北京地区未来的气候变化趋势将会有所启迪。     

北京城地域沿革及发展思考

位于华北平原北部的北京,东西北三面环山,形如海湾,中间为一小平原,是地质历史演变成的一块风水宝地。自春秋战国时期作为燕都蓟城,经秦、汉、晋、隋、唐、五代、宋(辽、金)等历代变迁,于金贞元年建都,至其后的元、明、清,多作为都城,先后定名为中都、中都永安府、大都、大都路总管府、北平府、北京、京师顺天府。自辽代起北京城范围比今北京大。北京城地域演变是社会经济发展和人们生活需求自然形成的,它应对现今城市规划布局、人才建设具有重要的参考价值。     

北京地区一次典型大雾天气的空气污染过程物理量分布特征

2002年11月30至12月4日，北京持续4天大雾天气，空气污染物在持续的稳定层结条件下，空气质量连续3天达5级以上。文中分析了大雾天气各主要污染物的变化特征，以及此次过程中天气形势的特点及演变，并对造成大雾日空气污染天气的物理量分布特征进行分析。结果表明：高空WNW气流、稳定性持续增加、逆温层结持续存在、低空风速较小、相对湿度大，导致局地污染物不能及时随大气扩散；1000～700hPa有弱的上升气流形成和维持，与500hPa高空下沉气流之间在低空的某层高度上形成稳定层结(逆温层)，导致大雾及重污染的形成；850hPa为暖区，850～500hPa为冷平流，有利于大雾的形成和加重。     

利用洞穴石笋的δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C重建3000a以来北京地区古气候和古环境——石花洞研究系列之三

首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究高分辨率的古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径。利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则、洞穴温度、研究区水系的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性，ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏。对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约为２５ａ的δ１８Ｏ和δ１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的变化信息     

青藏高原冬小麦田辐射能量收支的初步研究

通过对青藏高原冬小麦田净全辐射各分量的观测资料分析，论述了净全辐射及其各分量的日变化特征；计算得出冬小麦抽穗—乳熟期麦田平均反射率为13.3%，净全辐射占总辐射百分率:白天75%，包括夜间67.4%；指出了净全辐射和总辐射间存在良好的线性关系，给出了由总辐射计算净全辐射的经验公式。     

北京西山地面塌陷的形成因素浅析

地下采矿是地面塌陷失决条件，自然重力及其他外界触发因素是其发展动因，地面塌陷受覆岩时代及岩性，采空区尺寸大小，煤层倾角，煤层厚度及开采深度，重复采动，水文条件变化，地形地势和松散盖层的影响。     

Estimation of Site Effects in Beijing City

— For the realistic modeling of the seismic ground motion in lateral heterogeneous anelastic media, the database of 3-D geophysical structures for Beijing City has been built up to model the seismic ground motion in the City, caused by the 1976 Tangshan and the 1998 Zhangbei earthquakes. The hybrid method, which combines the modal summation and the finite-difference algorithms, is used in the simulation. The modeling of the seismic ground motion, for both the Tangshan and the Zhangbei earthquakes, shows that the thick Quaternary sedimentary cover amplifies the peak values and increases the duration of the seismic ground motion in the northwestern part of the City. Therefore the thickness of the Quaternary sediments in Beijing City is the key factor controling the local ground effects. Four zones are defined on the base of the different thickness of the Quaternary sediments. The response spectra for each zone are computed, indicating that peak spectral values as high as 0.1 g are compatible with past seismicity and can be well exceeded if an event similar to the 1697 Sanhe-Pinggu occurs.     

Global scale annual and semi-annual variations of daytime NmF2 in the high solar activity years

The annual and semi-annual variations of the ionosphere are investigated in the present paper by using the daytime F2 layer peak electron concentration (NmF2) observed at a global ionosonde network with 104 stations. The main features are outlined as follows. (1) The annual variations are most pronounced at magnetic latitudes of 40–60° in both hemispheres, and usually manifest as winter anomalies; Below magnetic latitude of 40° as well as in the tropical region they are much weaker and winter anomalies that are not obvious. (2) The semi-annual variations, which are usually peak in March or April in most regions, are generally weak in the near-pole regions and strong in the far-pole regions of both hemispheres. (3) Compared with their annual components, the semi-annual variations in the tropical region are more significant.In order to explain the above results, we particularly analyze the global atomic/molecular ratio of [O/N2] at the F2 layer peak height by the MSIS90 model. The results show that the annual variation of [O/N2] is closely related with that of NmF2 prevailing in mid-latitudes and [O/N2] annual variation usually may lead to the winter anomalies of NmF2 occurring in the near-pole region. Moreover, NmF2 semi-annual variations appearing in the tropical region also have a close relationship with the variation of [O/N2]. On the other hand, the semi-annual variations of NmF2 in the far-pole region cannot be simply explained by that of [O/N2], but the variation of the solar zenith angle may also have a significant contribution.     

北京怀柔长园花岗杂岩体岩石学和构造变形特征及其地质意义

本文描述北京北部燕山地区怀柔长园杂岩体及围岩构造变形迹象 ,并对其成因进行了初步分析。认为中、晚侏罗世时期构造应力场的变化是杂岩体内岩石构造变形的主要因素 ,并以此为根据为该地区燕山期构造 岩浆事件序列的建立提供部分证据。