多次覆盖技术在探地雷达勘探中的应用

多次覆盖技术作为一种增强信号、压制干扰的方法,广泛用于地震勘探工作中,可以大大提高有用信号的信噪比。本文作者把多次覆盖技术引入探地雷达测量工作中,通过与剖面法作对比试验来论证多次覆盖技术在探地雷达勘探中应用的可行性及优缺点。作者根据试验资料总结探地雷达工作中雷达波传播规律、工作参数、资料处理方法,对丰富探地雷达勘探技术作了一次有益的尝试。     

中国大陆强震活动时空特征分析

本文在以往研究的基础上分析中国大陆强震活动的时空特征, 以中国大陆1901年以来7级及其以上强震年频次为样本, 采用最优分割将中国大陆地震活动状态分为三种时段: 少发段、 平均段和频发段。 中国大陆强震时间活动呈现非稳态现象, 强震频发段间存在短期的地震平静, 由强震平均段到频发段过渡期间同样存在强震少发段, 而少发段也有7级以上强震发生。 以此为基础结合中国大陆活动地块边界带, 研究不同强震丛发时段前地震活动的空间分布特点以及强震丛发时段的主体活动地区。 研究结果表明, 1901年以来中国大陆强震活动总体来讲, 1955年前后表现出不同的空间特征: 1955年之前强震活动主体区域为中国西部及周边大三角地区的三条边界; 1955年之后强震活动主体区域为华北地区、 巴颜喀拉地块区及南北地震带南段地区。 不同相邻强震丛发时段的主体活动地区有一定的交替性, 少发时段或增多时段的强震往往是上一个丛发时段的主体区内强震活动的延续, 或者发生在下一个强震主体活动区内或周边地区。     

江苏及邻近地区地震视应力特征研究

采用江苏省数字地震台网记录的地震波形资料,利用震源位移谱低频水平与拐角频率计算了2000~2010年江苏及邻近地区561个ML≥1.5中小地震视应力值。结果显示,江苏及邻近地区的地震视应力平均值为0.91 MPa,与中国大陆的平均水平相当。视应力与震级无明显的线性关系,在震级相对较大时表现出一定的高震级对应高视应力的特点。视应力高值地区主要集中在江苏中部至南黄海海域,次高值集中分布在郯庐断裂带中南段的苏鲁交界地区、安徽段固镇至定远附近地区和肥东、巢湖一带,反映了以上地区较高的地震活动水平及地壳应力状态。不同区域ML2震级档视应力的差异性基本反映了区域地质环境、构造活动等特征的差异。     

21世纪全球油气资源形势和海上多波地震技术展望

首先综述了现在对全球油气资源量的估计和对 2 1世纪全球油气资源发展形势的预测。表明2 1世纪全球油气资源不会枯竭。未来 10 0年 ,不是世界上有没有油气可供开采 ,而是环境允不允许和在多大程度上允许以及用多大的成本开采的问题。在所有情况下 ,技术进步都起着关键的作用。然后从油气勘探角度对技术进步中的一项主要技术———多分量地震的历史、现状和发展作了评述 ,并结合国家 86 3项目关于海上多波地震技术研究的状况提出了进一步实施的设想     

Intensity of in‐lake processes in floodplain lakes within the Bug River zone of fluvial activity

The paper presents a new approach to calculating the erosion and deposition values of floodplain lake basins, the erosion–deposition index (EDI). The EDI is a sum of the basin geometry indices (BGIs), which can be calculated for a separate cross section of the lake. The distribution of processes within the basin was investigated in two selected floodplain lakes with the use of BGIs. Field research was carried out in the Bug River valley from 1 November 2006 to 31 October 2011. The highest erosion was observed in the lakes located close to the parent river. Deposition processes were observed in lakes with high inflow of groundwater. The results showed that EDI values of 48 out of the 71 floodplain lakes ranged from ?0.2 to 0.2. Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition processes within the lake basins resulted from a velocity of water inflowing or flowing through the basin. This was observed especially in contrafluent–confluent lake. Inflow of rivers water via upstream crevasse occurred later than via downstream one, but energy of flowing water was higher, which favoured erosion of this part of the lake basin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Erosions on the southern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from in-situ cosmogenic nuclides 10Be and 26Al in fluvial sediments

Investigating topographic and climatic controls on erosion at variable spatial and temporal scales is essential to our understanding of the topographic evolution of the orogen.In this work,we quantified millennial-scale erosion rates deduced from cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al concentrations in 15 fluvial sediments from the mainstream and major tributaries of the Yarlung Zangbo River draining the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP).The measured ratios of 26Al/10Be range from 6.33 ± 0.29 to 8.96 ± 0.37,suggesting steady-state erosion processes.The resulted erosion rates vary from 20.60 ± 1.79 to 154.00 ± 13.60 m Myr-1,being spatially low in the upstream areas of the Gyaca knickpoint and high in the downstream areas.By examining the relationships between the erosion rate and topographic or climatic indices,we found that both topography and climate play significant roles in the erosion process for basins in the upstream areas of the Gyaca knickpoint.However,topography dominantly controls the erosion processes in the downstream areas of the Gyaca knickpoint,whereas variations in precipitation have only a second-order control.The marginal Himalayas and the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) yielded significantly higher erosion rates than the central plateau,which indicated that the landscape of the central plateau surface is remarkably stable and is being intensively consumed at its boundaries through river headward erosion.In addition,our 10Be erosion rates are comparable to present-day hydrologic erosion rates in most cases,suggesting either weak human activities or long-term steady-state erosion in this area.     

Exploring the Scale Effects of Trade-offs and Synergies of Multifunctional Cultivated Land—Evidence from Wuhan Metropolitan Area

The purpose of this paper is to explore the trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land (MCL) at multiple scales. The study area is Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China. The entropy method and the method of Spearman's rank correlation were employed for the analysis of combined land use/cover data, administrative division data, population data and statistical yearbook data, from the multi-scale perspectives of cities, counties and townships. The results showed that: (1) The multi-functionality of cultivated land had obvious spatial differences and its overall spatial patterns were relatively robust, which did not change very much at the single scale. (2) At each single scale, the MCL's trade-offs and synergies had spatial heterogeneity. (3) Scale effects existed in the MCL's trade-offs and synergies. From the prefecture-level city scale, to the county scale, and to the township scale, the MCL's trade-offs were changed to synergies, and some synergic relationships were enhanced. This article contributes to the literature by deepening the multiscale analysis of trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land. The conclusions might provide a basis for helping policy-makers to implement protection measures for the multi-functionality of cultivated land at the right spatial scale, and to promote the higher-level synergies of multifunctional cultivated land to realize its sustainable use.     

厄尔尼诺现象与黄、东海,对马海域马面渔获量关系─—长江口及其邻近海区ENSO渔场学问题之三

对黄,东海及其邻近海域马面历年（1974—1986年）渔获量变化与Elnino现象关系并结合捕捞强度进行一些初步分析,总结出渔获量变化规律,为合理开发渔业资源提供有用信息。     

不对称环流对台风强度变化的影响

利用卫星云图和NCEP再分析风场资料对0207号台风HALONG云系和风场变化特征进行了分析.结果表明,台风云系不对称的结构,台风西侧高空急流向台风中心的移动和辐散是台风迅速减弱的主要原因.为了了解不对称台风环流对台风强度的影响,还对比分析了0417号台风AERE、0216号台风SINLAKU在中国沿海减弱和重新加强的环流特征.在低层流入台风中心南侧的西风分量大,在高层流入台风中心西侧的北风分量小,有利于台风的加强.台风南、北两侧的东西向风场垂直切变梯度差异不利于台风加强.东西向风场垂直切变对台风强度的影响比南北向风场更重要.     

汶川地震前后波速比变化特征的再研究

收集整理了四川省地震台网1990—2012年产出的地震直达波震相数据, 利用单台多震和达法对2008年汶川M_S8.0地震前后四川地区的波速比变化特征进行了分析研究(共筛选出13个数据量较为丰富、 连续性较好的台站). 结果显示： 其中位于龙门山断裂中北段西侧的4个台站, 震前出现长达7年左右的中长期波速比低值异常; 其它9个台站的波速比震前变化基本稳定. 震前波速比出现异常的4个台站的分布与汶川M_S8.0地震孕震区范围大体一致, 从而为研究汶川M_S8.0地震前是否存在地壳介质特性的时间变化过程, 提供了有力的判定依据.