极低级变质作用及其研究方法

近年来国际上极低级变质作用的研究进展包括综合运用了伊利石结晶度等各项指标 ,将极低级变质带划分为成岩带、近变质带和浅变质带 ,成岩带和近变质带又可进一步划分为低级成岩带、高级成岩带、低级近变质带和高级近变质带 ;研究了伸展背景、阿尔卑斯碰撞背景和增生背景下的极低级变质作用 ;进一步理解了矿物的转变过程 ,建立了变质泥质岩石的矿物反应系列。即变质泥质岩石的二八面体矿物反应系列 ,为蒙皂石—伊 /蒙混层 (I/S)—伊利石—白云母 ;对应变质镁铁质岩石的三八面体矿物反应系列 ,为蒙皂石—绿泥石 /蒙皂石混层 (C/S)—绿泥石。岩石微构造也发生同步变化 ;明确了广泛应用的伊利石结晶度的本质是雏晶大小的一种量度 ,也与晶格应变有关 ,主要受反应动力的控制 ;建立了系统的研究技术方法 ,包括野外采样方法、室内X光衍射法 (XRD)、透射电镜法 (TEM )、地质温度计、地质压力计、岩石学方法、同位素地质学方法等     

压实粉土非线性应力-应变关系的试验研究

对京九线路基粉土用GDS三轴仪进行固结不排水剪试验,研究不同围压、含水量、压实度下压实粉土样的应力-应变关系。结果表明:压实粉土在低围压下为应变软化,高围压下为应变硬化,存在一个屈服应力;含水量和压实度对粉土强度和应力-应变关系影响显著,随着含水量的减小、压实度的增大,压实粉土样强度增大,应力-应变曲线上升。对围压小于屈服应力的应变软化曲线,用常规的土的软化关系式进行拟和;对围压大于屈服应力的应变硬化曲线,用邓肯-张模型进行拟和;这二者的结合能描述压实粉土的应力-应变关系曲线,效果良好。     

甘肃大桥金矿地质特征及其发现的意义

大桥金矿地处南秦岭印支褶皱带北缘,位于合作—两当金锑汞成矿带东段。金矿化赋存于三叠纪下部建造层下岩组（Ta-1）硅质角砾岩中,硅质角砾岩均呈层状产出,层位稳定,沉积特征明显。金矿化严格受硅质角砾岩控制,金矿体呈层状和似层状。矿石结构主要有粒状结构、交代残余结构、填隙结构,矿石构造有浸染状构造、斑点状构造、脉状—网脉状构造、角砾状构造、纹层状构造和块状构造等。综合上述认为,该金矿具有明显的层控和岩控特征,属沉积改造型金矿。该矿床的发现对西秦岭地区金矿找矿工作具有十分重要的意义。     

上海黏土压缩回弹变形的微观机理

黏土变形微观机理的研究过去多针对土体加载压缩开展,随着研究的深入,黏土卸载回弹变形的微观机理也逐步得到重视,但目前对此研究还很少。本文采用单向压缩及回弹试验、扫描电镜及压汞试验对上海黏土压缩及回弹变形过程中土体的微观特性及其变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,微观结构参数的变化能反映黏土的宏观变形特征。在加载过程中,随固结压力增加,土体孔隙体积减小,孔隙数量先增加再减小,孔隙平均形状系数的增加先急后缓,孔隙形态分维数先急剧减小后缓慢减小。在卸载过程中,随固结压力减小,孔隙数量增加,平均形状系数略有减小,孔隙形状分维数略有增加。加载压缩过程中,固结压力较小时中、小孔隙体积所占比例变化不大,而当固结压力较大时小孔隙所占比例显著增加、中孔隙所占比例明显减小。在卸载回弹过程中,各级固结压力下小孔隙都占绝对优势,但固结压力较大时中孔隙所占比例较大,而固结压力较小时中孔隙所占比例较小,黏土卸载回弹变形主要是小孔隙体积的少量增加。     

Structural characteristics of the KPR-CBR triple-junction inferred from gravity and magnetic interpretations,Philippine Sea Plate

The intersection of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) and the Central Basin Rift (CBR) of the West Philippine Basin (WPB) is a relic of a trench-trench-rift (TTR) type triple-junction, which preserves some pivotal information on the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the WPB, the emplacement and disintegration of the proto-Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Arc, and the transition from initial rifting to steady-state spreading of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB). However, the structural characteristics of this triple-junction have not been thoroughly understood. In this paper, using the newly acquired multi-beam bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data obtained by the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, the authors depict the topographic, gravity, and magnetic characteristics of the triple-junction and adjacent region. Calculations including the upward continuations and total horizontal derivatives of gravity anomaly are also performed to highlight the major structural features and discontinuities. Based on these works, the morphological and structural features and their formation mechanisms are analyzed. The results show that the last episode amagmatic extension along the CBR led to the formation of a deep rift valley, which extends eastward and incised the KPR. The morphological and structural fabrics of the KPR near and to the south of the triple-junction are consistent with those of the western PVB, manifesting as a series of NNE-SSW- and N-S-trending ridges and troughs, which were produced by the extensional faults associated with the initial rifting of the PVB. The superposition of the above two reasons induced the prominent discontinuity of the KPR in deep and shallow crustal structures between 15°N–15°30′N and 13°30′N–14°N. Combined with previous authors’ results, we propose that the stress produced by the early spreading of the PVB transmitted westward and promoted the final stage amagmatic extension of the CBR. The eastward propagation of the CBR destroyed the KPR, of which the magmatism had decayed or ceased at that time. The destruction mechanism of the KPR associated with the rifting of the PVB varies along strike the KPR. Adjacent to the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed mainly due to the oblique intersection of the PVB rifting center. Whereas south of the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed by the E-W-directional extensional faulting on its whole width.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Paleoearthquakes in the Uimon basin (Gorny Altai)

Paleoseismological studies confirm that the Uimon basin is thrust by its northern mountain border along the active South Terekta fault. The latest motion along the fault in the 7-8th centuries AD induced an earthquake with a magnitude of M_w= 7.4-7.7 and a shaking intensity of I = 9-11 on the MSK-64 scale. The same fault generated another event (M > 7, I = 9-10), possibly, about 16 kyr ago, which triggered gravity sliding. The rockslide dammed the Uimon valley and produced a lake, where lacustrine deposition began about 14 ± 1 kyr ago, and a later M > 7 (I = 9-10) earthquake at ~ 6 ka caused the dam collapse and the lake drainage. Traces of much older earthquakes that occurred within the Uimon basin are detectable from secondary deformation structures (seismites) in soft sediments deposited during the drainage of a Late Pleistocene ice-dammed lake between 100 and 90 ka and in ~ 77 ka alluvium. The magnitude and intensity of these paleoearthquakes were at least M > 5.0-5.5 and I > 6-7.     

山东泰安朱家庄自然硫矿床地质概要

山东省泰安朱家庄自然硫矿床,赋存于鲁西断隆古近纪汶东陆相盆地。自然硫矿层在汶口组二段上亚段,泥质灰岩-含泥灰岩-含云灰岩-石膏岩韵律层中的白云岩-石膏岩层段发育。自然硫以胶态、晶态、土态3种形态产出,可划分为顺层型、准顺层型、斑杂型及不顺层型4大类10余种矿石类型。从矿区去膏化作用普遍、自然硫与石膏-硬石膏分别富集轻-重同位素的特征、油气显示明显及地下水主要径流方向自然硫矿化最强等各种证据,表明该矿属生物后生成因的矿床。     

On the meridional circulation and balance of momentum in the Southern Ocean of POP

 The circulation of the Southern Ocean is studied in the eddy-resolving model POP (Parallel Ocean Program) by an analysis of zonally integrated balances. The TEM formalism (Transformed Eulerian Mean) is extended to include topography and continental boundaries, thus deviations from a zonally integrated state involve transient and standing eddies. The meridional circulation is presented in terms of the Eulerian, eddy-induced, and residual streamfunctions. It is shown that the splitting of the meridional circulation into Ekman and geostrophic transports and the component induced by subgrid and Reynolds stresses is identical to a particular form of the zonally integrated balance of zonal momentum. In this balance, the eddy-induced streamfunctions represent the interfacial form stresses by transient and standing eddies and the residual streamfunction represents the acceleration of the zonal current by density fluxes in a zonally integrated frame. The latter acceleration term is directly related to the surface flux of density and interior fluxes due to the resolved and unresolved eddies. The eddy-induced circulation is extremely vigorous in POP. In the upper ocean a shallow circulation, reversed in comparison to the Deacon cell and mainly due to standing eddies, appears to the north of Drake Passage latitudes, and in the Drake Passage belt of latitudes a deep-reaching cell is induced by transient eddies. In the resulting residual circulation the Deacon cell is largely cancelled and the residual advection of the zonal mean potential density is balanced by diapycnal eddy and subgrid fluxes which are strong in the upper few hundred meters but small in the ocean interior. The balance of zonal momentum is consistent with other eddy-resolving models; a new aspect is the clear identification of density effects in the zonally integrated balance. We show that the wind stress and the stress induced by the residual circulation drive the eastward current, whereas both eddy species result in a braking. Finally, we extend the Johnson–Bryden model of zonal transport to incorporate all relevant terms from the zonal momentum balance. It is shown that wind stress and induction by the residual circulation carry an eastward transport while bottom form stress and the stress induced by standing eddies yield westward components of transport. Received: 26 June 2001 / Accepted: 2 November 2001     

腰椎管侧隐窝分型及影响侧隐窝狭窄症诊断的几个因素（附120例CTM分析）

作者对１２０例因下腰痛手术治疗在术前进行过ＣＴＭ检查的患者作了影像学及临床分析．按形态不同，侧隐窝可分为五种类型：（１）三角型，即整个椎管呈倒三角形，其侧隐窝完全开放；（２）猫耳型，因后关节和椎体后缘轻度增生，形成底宽顶尖的侧隐窝，整个椎管形如猫头，侧脸窝为猫耳，基本开放；（３）牛角型，因关节突向椎体方向过度增生使侧隐窝呈横向伸开的带状，中央椎管不窄，横断面形如牛头，侧阴窝为牛角，严重者侧隐窝可近于闭塞；（４）三叶草型，极度增生的关节突加上向后实入的椎体后缘使整个椎管呈三叶草状，侧隐窝和中央椎管均狭窄；（５）混合型，多为上述形状的混合或两侧侧隐窝发育不对称．前二型不易形成对神经的压迫，后三型易造成压迫．但即使最狭窄的侧隐窝也不一定产生症状，因为关键在于神经根和侧隐窝的宽度的相对关系．因此作者提出单纯依靠侧隐窝的宽度不能诊断侧隐窝狭窄症，而是要判断神经是否被侧隐窝压迫．因此ＣＴＭ在侧隐窝狭窄症的诊断中有突出意义．     

蒙阴盆地的成生与演化

蒙阴盆地是在库拉板块向亚洲大陆下俯冲，中国东部隆升伸展板块裂解阶段发育起来的。在中生代，盆地的成生演化经历了侏罗纪拗陷盆地发育阶段和早白垩世拗陷—裂陷阶段。在相应沉积演化过程中，形成侏罗纪湖相红色碎屑岩建造，早白垩世早期滨浅湖—半深湖相灰绿色细粒陆屑岩沉积，早白垩世中期河湖相凝灰质复陆屑岩类夹火山碎屑岩类沉积，早白垩世晚期中基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩组合。沉积中心在侏罗纪和早白墨世早期皆偏于西北部，此后，向东南部迁移。晚白垩世，盆地处于风化剥蚀阶段。古近纪，受新生太平洋板块向亚洲大陆下俯冲影响，盆地又处于拗陷—裂陷阶段，相应形成山间河湖相—山麓堆积相类磨拉石建造。古近纪末期，该盆地整体隆起处于长期风化剥蚀状态。