浅谈多传感器信息融合技术

多传感器信息融合广泛应用于自动目标识别、战场监视、机器人、工业过程控制、遥感、图象处理、模式识别等领域。介绍了多传感器信息融合技术的概念、原理、功能模型,其融合方法主要介绍了Dempster-Shafer证据理论(D-S证据理论),由于D-S证据理论存在处理大量不确定的系统估计问题的特性,可以将其应用于势态估计问题。     

中间件技术在地震信息系统中的应用

中间件技术屏蔽了底层分布式环境的复杂性和异构性,简化了分布式应用程序的开发,使分布式应用程序的健壮性、可扩展性、可用性更好。介绍了面向对象中间件、面向消息中间件、面向大规模分布式系统中间件、服务质量中间件等当前各种中间件技术发展的现状,分析了中间件技术的原理、种类及在地震信息系统中的应用,提出了中间件技术研究的几个发展趋势,即网格技术、面向移动计算、面向服务质量等。     

Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855―2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".     

Dynamic analysis of eco-environmental changes based on remote sensing and geographic information system: an example in Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau

The Chinese Loess Plateau is suffering from severe soil erosion. The eco-environmental changes of the plateau are believed to have an important influence on global eco-environmental sustainability; hence, this problem has attracted considerable attention from scientists around the world. This study has two purposes; application of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques in the dynamic analysis of eco-environmental changes in the semiarid zone; and using the Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau as an example, to make dynamic analysis of the eco-environmental changes of the region during the 1986–2004 period and identify controlling factors. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data at a spatial resolution of 30 m were used for analysis. Two training areas were selected in Jingning and Qingcheng counties for analysis using 10-m resolution SPOT and Landsat TM data. The satellite RS images were obtained from the Institute of Remote Sensing Application (IRSA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Each images was rectified by Albers Equal Area Conic projection based on 1:50,000 scale topographic maps after spectrum preparation of the images. To make the precision within 1 or 2 pixels, the accurate coordinative control points of the two systems were identified. Then the interpretation key was established based on the land use/cover survey in the study area. The images were classified into six primary environmental types (farmland, forest, grassland, water, construction area, and desert) and 25 sub-types using a visual image interactive interpretation method to obtain vector and attribute data. The resultant accuracy of the land use/cover classification reached 95%. Finally, the transformation areas and ratios of various eco-environmental types in the region were calculated to obtain the transition matrixes of eco-environmental types in the two training areas, Jingning and Qingcheng. This study demonstrates that satellite RS and GIS techniques are effective tools to monitor and analyze the eco-environmental changes in the semiarid region. Visual image interactive interpretation based on GIS technique provides comprehensive information on the direction, rate, and location of eco-environmental changes. The transition matrix model can be used to precisely analyze the variation and rates of the eco-environmental types and their spatial distribution. Great land use changes have taken place Longdong during the 1986–2004 period. These eco-environmental changes were driven by natural and human factors. Natural factors influencing the Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau mainly include temperature, water condition, terrain, soil, and erosion; while human activities include over-cultivation, overgrazing, and fuelwood cutting. As viewed from the extent and severity of the influences, human activities play a very important role in altering the eco-environment of the semiarid region. The study results indicate a need for future research and observation in the semiarid region.     

区域地质调查信息系统的结构与设计——集数据与应用为一体的全国区域地质调查信息系统(V1.0)

全国地质调查信息系统是为地质调查管理部门和决策机构进行动态跟踪管理和工作部署提供依据的信息化服务平台,系统的开发建设对于提高地质调查工作效率和管理水平具有重要意义。本文对全国区域地质调查信息系统(V1.0)的架构、关键技术和主要功能进行了简要介绍。     

基于MapObjects的阜新市荒漠化土地信息系统的设计与实现

利用阜新地区荒漠化土地详查数据,采用VB编程语言和MapObjects组件开发了阜新市荒漠化土地信息系统。文中对该系统的开发环境与数据处理、系统数据库设计、主体结构等作了阐述,并介绍了该系统的功能,为荒漠化土地监测和规划提供辅助决策手段。     

Application of Refactoring and Design Pattern in Land Information System Development

The unceasing change problem of land information systems can be resolved through the refactoring and design pattern. To promote the implementation of design pattern and refactoring methods in developin...     

对网络环境下测绘科技信息知识服务模式的探讨

知识服务这种新的服务理念已成为创新信息服务手段，提高信息服务保障能力和服务效率的新途径。本文阐述了网络环境下测绘科技信息服务的发展特点，指出新时期测绘科技信息服务工作呈现出知识性的特点。分析研究了知识服务的现实需求、保障模式和发展措施等。     

地图制图专家知识对地理信息符号化过程的控制

针对纸质地图数字化得到地理信息(空间数据)的过程中存在地图信息损失的问题,阐述了产生这种损失的原因。数字化后得到的地理信息是各种GIS应用系统的重要数据源,在GIS应用中需要把这些地理信息重新再现成地图。为了得到较好的地图显示效果,有必要将数字化后损失的地图信息在从地理数据到地图符号化的过程中进行补偿。论述了在符号化过程中如何充分利用地图制图专家的多年知识和经验,将用自然语言表达的不确定性的专家知识形式化,以此来控制整个符号化的过程,达到改善地图显示效果的目的。     

地理信息服务质量(QoGIS):概念和研究框架

在探讨地理数据特点的基础上，提出了地理信息服务质量（QoGIS）的概念和研究框架，设计了一个体现地理信息服务质量的原型系统架构。