区域综合地图集总体设计思路探析

区域综合地图集的编制已成为一个国家或地区综合制图水平的体现,其设计与制作仍然是最本质的内容。本文首先分析了在数字制图环境下,区域综合地图集的编制现状及特点,接着重点从可持续发展观、区域特色等5个方面阐述了区域综合地图集的总体设计思路,以此为区域综合地图集的编制总结理论与实践经验。     

L'Arenig–Llanvirn du Haut Atlas occidental et central (Maroc). Environnements sédimentaires,paléogéographie et contrôle de la sédimentation

The sedimentological study of Arenig–Llanvirn successions of Aït Lahsen (western High Atlas), Tizi-n-Tichka and Imini (central High Atlas) allow us to recognise two independent epeiric seas. In the western High Atlas, the sedimentation occurred in a wave- and storm-influenced delta, alimented by a source situated at the present-day location of the Argana corridor, under the control of sea-level fluctuations and subsidence. In the central High Atlas, the sedimentation occurred in an influenced tide and episodic storm delta, alimented by sources situated at the present-day location of the Siroua and Ouzellagh Massifs under the control of sea-level fluctuations and tectonics. To cite this article: C. Chacrone, N. Hamoumi, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

俄罗斯可持续发展地图集信息系统——现状和应用前景

分析了人类发展向可持续发展模式过渡的必然性 ,指出必须适合俄罗斯现实的人类发展指标。阐述周围环境及确定俄罗斯达到可持续发展途径及可能的指标 ,强调在建立国土可持续发展模式时历史观点的重要性。分析了俄罗斯可持续发展地图集结构的特征。     

Geophysical Constraints on the Location and Nature of the North Saharan Flexure in Southern Tunisia

Gravity data, integrated with seismic refraction/reflection data, well data and geological investigations, were used to determine the location of the paleogeographic boundary between the Precambrian Saharan domain and the younger Tunisian Atlas domain. This boundary (North Saharan Flexure or NSF) has not been as clearly defined as it has been to the west in Algeria and Morocco. The gravity data analysis, which included the construction of complete Bouguer and residual gravity anomaly maps, revealed that the Atlasic domain is characterized by relative negative gravity anomalies and numerous linear gravity trends implying a thick and deformed sediment cover. The Saharan domain is characterized by relatively positive gravity anomalies with few gravity trends implying a thin and relatively undeformed sediment cover. An edge-enhancement analysis of the residual gravity anomalies revealed that the NSF is characterized by a series of discontinuous east- and northwest-trending linear anomalies south of 34°N that are not related to the well-known faults within the Gafsa and Accident de Medenine regions. Based on the continuity of the amplitudes of seismic reflection data and the trends of the residual gravity anomalies, the NSF is not an abrupt discontinuity but a series of step faults dipping toward the Atlasic domain. To obtain a more quantitative representation of the southern edge of Tunisian Atlas, a regional gravity model constrained by two wells and seismic reflection/refraction data was constructed along a north-south trending profile which confirms the presence of thicker sediments north of the NSF. Our analysis shows that the NSF has controlled the depositional environment of the sedimentary rocks within the region since at least Triassic time and has acted as a barrier to Atlasic deformation south of the NSF. The NSF is considered an important tectonic feature that has controlled the paleogeographic evolution of the southern margin of the Tethys Ocean, and it continues to be active today based on seismicity hazard studies.     

支撑服务广州市规划建设与绿色发展资源环境图集数据集

在对最新的水工环地质调查资料和成果进行梳理和总结的基础上,以粤港澳大湾区三极之一的广州市为重点,编制了地学专业综合图集——《支撑服务广州市规划建设与绿色发展资源环境图集》。《图集》收集和整理了国土资源大调查以来粤港澳湾区开展的环境地质调查、监测数据资料和研究成果等,经二次开发研究,以通俗易读或图或表的形式表示出来。《图集》整体分为序图、国土空间开发利用的地质适宜性评价、城市规划建设应关注的重大地质安全问题、产业发展可以充分利用的优势地质资源、生态环境保护需要重视的资源环境状况和基础地质条件类图件6大类,共53张图,并提出了助力大湾区绿色生态农业发展、清洁能源产业发展、用水安全、旅游产业发展和提升防灾减灾能力等五方面的地质建议,有效服务了广州国土空间规划与海绵城市建设。     

Areas of the global major river plumes

River plumes are the regions where the most intense river-sea-land interaction occurs, and they are characterized by complex material transport and biogeochemical processes. However, due to their highly dynamic nature, global river plume areas have not yet been determined for use in synthetic studies of global oceanography. Based on global climatological monthly averaged salinity data from the NOAA World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), and monthly averaged salinity contour maps of the East and South China Seas from the Chinese Marine Atlas, we extract the monthly plume areas of major global rivers using a geographic information system (GIS) technique. Only areas with salinities that are three salinity units lower than the average salinity in each ocean are counted. This conservative estimate shows that the minimum and maximum monthly values of the total plume area of the world’s 19 largest rivers are 1.72 × 10 6 km 2 in May and 5.38 × 10 6 km 2 in August. The annual mean area of these river plumes (3.72 × 10 6 km 2 ) takes up approximately 14.2% of the total continental shelves area worldwide (26.15 × 10 6 km 2 ). This paper also presents river plume areas for different oceans and latitude zones, and analyzes seasonal variations of the plume areas and their relationships with river discharge. These statistics describing the major global river plume areas can now provide the basic data for the various flux calculations in the marginal seas, and therefore will be of useful for many oceanographic studies.     

中国之窗——地图大系的北京旅游系列电子制图模块的设计研制

本文重点讨论了中国之窗-地图大系的北京旅游系列电子制图的设计思路及其研制的技术方法。概要介绍了其组成的6个子模块功能与应用特点。同时提出旅游信息系统发展的趋势。     

面向地图生产的远程制版技术应用研究

随着出版印刷技术在数字化、网络化、跨媒体等多个方向的迅速发展,远程技术的开发和应用越来越受到人们的重视,地图的编制出版也在逐步实现全数字化流程,传统的地图生产模式逐步发生改变,进入一体化的全数字制印时代。本文通过对印刷领域远程制版技术的分析,探讨了在远程制版技术体系框架下,面向地图编制出版的远程技术应用方法;并通过对远程制版技术的应用分析,以西安煤航信息产业有限公司远程制版系统为实例,提出基于远程网络的地图出版创新生产模式,通过在全国范围内安装的远程终端,从地图设计编辑到地图制版和印刷过程中,以一站式反馈实现印刷最终色彩的同步再现,实现异地远程的所见即所得,实现从地图设计平台、图集编制平台与出版平台的地图一体化同步生产,从而大大地提高制图效率,有力地推动我国制图行业朝着数字化和智能化方向发展。     

Mode de mise en place des corps salifères dans l'Atlas septentrional de Tunisie. Exemple de l'appareil de Bir Afou

30 km southwest of Tunis, two thin flaky ‘Triassic’ intrusions underline the two flanks of the Atlasic anticline of Bir Afou. These evaporites are interbedded within the Clansayesian shales, and are under and overlain by glauconitic conglomeratic contacts. The ‘Triassic’ flakes, topic of our study, are sourced from the Bir Afou Triassic mass after a rapid pouring out during Late Aptian extensional tectonics. This structure corresponds, for us, to a ‘salt glacier’, similar to that one described at Ben Gasseur by Vila and al. [J.M. Vila, M. Ben Youssef, M. Chikhaoui, M. Ghanmi, Bull. Soc. géol. France 167 (1996) 235–246], which was subsequently folded during Lower Eocene times. Middle and Upper Eocene transgressive formations unconformably deposited on top of the Aptian anticlinal hinge. The major Late Miocene compressive phase is responsible for the present structures and that are superimposed onto the pre-existing ‘salt glacier’. This salifereous system extends the ‘salt glacier’ domain towards the eastern part of the Tunisian Atlas. To cite this article: M. Ben Chelbi et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

Evidence for Triassic salt domes in the Tunisian Atlas from gravity and geological data

Detailed gravity data were analyzed to constrain two controversial geological models of evaporitic structures within the Triassic diapiric zone (Triassic massifs of Jebel Debadib and Ben Gasseur) of the northern Tunisian Atlas. Based on surface observations, two geological models have been used to explain the origin of the Triassic evaporitic bodies: (1) salt dome/diapiric structure or (2) a “salt glacier”. The gravity analysis included the construction of a complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map, horizontal gravity gradient (HGG) map and two and a half-dimensional (2.5D) forward models. The complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map shows a prominent negative anomaly over the Triassic evaporite outcrops. The HGG map showed the location of the lateral density changes along northeast structural trends caused by Triassic/Cretaceous lithological differences. The modeling of the complete Bouguer gravity anomaly data favored the diapiric structure as the origin of the evaporitic bodies. The final gravity model constructed over Jebel Debadib indicates that the Triassic evaporitic bodies are thick and deeply rooted involving a dome/diapiric structure and that the Triassic material has pulled upward the younger sediment cover by halokinesis. Taking in account kinematic models and the regional tectonic events affecting the northern margin of Africa, the above diapirs formed during the reactive to active to passive stages of continental margin evolution with development of sinks. Otherwise, this study shows that modeling of detailed gravity data adds useful constraints on the evolution of salt structures that may have an important impact on petroleum exploration models.