中国之窗——地图大系的北京旅游系列电子制图模块的设计研制

本文重点讨论了中国之窗-地图大系的北京旅游系列电子制图的设计思路及其研制的技术方法。概要介绍了其组成的6个子模块功能与应用特点。同时提出旅游信息系统发展的趋势。     

Geophysical Constraints on the Location and Nature of the North Saharan Flexure in Southern Tunisia

Gravity data, integrated with seismic refraction/reflection data, well data and geological investigations, were used to determine the location of the paleogeographic boundary between the Precambrian Saharan domain and the younger Tunisian Atlas domain. This boundary (North Saharan Flexure or NSF) has not been as clearly defined as it has been to the west in Algeria and Morocco. The gravity data analysis, which included the construction of complete Bouguer and residual gravity anomaly maps, revealed that the Atlasic domain is characterized by relative negative gravity anomalies and numerous linear gravity trends implying a thick and deformed sediment cover. The Saharan domain is characterized by relatively positive gravity anomalies with few gravity trends implying a thin and relatively undeformed sediment cover. An edge-enhancement analysis of the residual gravity anomalies revealed that the NSF is characterized by a series of discontinuous east- and northwest-trending linear anomalies south of 34°N that are not related to the well-known faults within the Gafsa and Accident de Medenine regions. Based on the continuity of the amplitudes of seismic reflection data and the trends of the residual gravity anomalies, the NSF is not an abrupt discontinuity but a series of step faults dipping toward the Atlasic domain. To obtain a more quantitative representation of the southern edge of Tunisian Atlas, a regional gravity model constrained by two wells and seismic reflection/refraction data was constructed along a north-south trending profile which confirms the presence of thicker sediments north of the NSF. Our analysis shows that the NSF has controlled the depositional environment of the sedimentary rocks within the region since at least Triassic time and has acted as a barrier to Atlasic deformation south of the NSF. The NSF is considered an important tectonic feature that has controlled the paleogeographic evolution of the southern margin of the Tethys Ocean, and it continues to be active today based on seismicity hazard studies.     

中国历史地理研究的新进展

以往五年间中国历史地理研究几乎在各个分支都取得了坚实的进步。《中国历史地图集》等图集的完成显示了历史地图编绘的成就。政区地理研究和地名考释论著丰富,但对其意义的认识尚显不足。人文地理研究处于起步阶段,必将成为最有希望、最繁荣的分支。自然地理研究较集中在气候、地貌、水文方面,深入挖掘文献资料与新手段的运用是必然的发展趋势。     

区域综合地图集总体设计思路探析

区域综合地图集的编制已成为一个国家或地区综合制图水平的体现,其设计与制作仍然是最本质的内容。本文首先分析了在数字制图环境下,区域综合地图集的编制现状及特点,接着重点从可持续发展观、区域特色等5个方面阐述了区域综合地图集的总体设计思路,以此为区域综合地图集的编制总结理论与实践经验。     

Les minéralisations Cu(NiBiUAuAg) d'Ifri (district du Haut Seksaoua,Maroc) : apport de l'étude texturale au débat syngenèse versus épigenèse

The Cu ore of Ifri is a chalcopyrite stockwork hosted by Cambrian formations and was until now interpreted as a syngenetic massive sulphide deposit. Textural studies highlight two generations of pyrite early (Py I) and late (Py II) with respect to the regional deformation. The chalcopyrite stockwork overprinted Py II, outlining the epigenetic nature of the Cu mineralization. Regarding the origin of Cu-depositing fluids, the presence in the stockwork paragenesis of an U, W, Sn association and preliminary Pb/Pb dating of a brannerite belonging to this association suggest a contribution of the Tichka granite. To cite this article: L. Barbanson et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

L'Arenig–Llanvirn du Haut Atlas occidental et central (Maroc). Environnements sédimentaires,paléogéographie et contrôle de la sédimentation

The sedimentological study of Arenig–Llanvirn successions of Aït Lahsen (western High Atlas), Tizi-n-Tichka and Imini (central High Atlas) allow us to recognise two independent epeiric seas. In the western High Atlas, the sedimentation occurred in a wave- and storm-influenced delta, alimented by a source situated at the present-day location of the Argana corridor, under the control of sea-level fluctuations and subsidence. In the central High Atlas, the sedimentation occurred in an influenced tide and episodic storm delta, alimented by sources situated at the present-day location of the Siroua and Ouzellagh Massifs under the control of sea-level fluctuations and tectonics. To cite this article: C. Chacrone, N. Hamoumi, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

Spatial soil loss risk and reservoir siltation in semi-arid Tunisia

Abstract

Soil erosion vulnerability and extreme rainfall characteristics over the Mediterranean semi-arid region of Tunisia are crucial input for estimation of siltation rate in artificial reservoirs. A comprehensive high-resolution database on erosive rainfall, together with siltation records for 28 small reservoirs, were analysed for this region, the Tunisian Dorsal (the easternmost part of the Atlas Mountains). The general life-span of these reservoirs is only about 14 years. Depending on the soil degradation in the different catchments, the corresponding reservoirs display a wide range of soil erosion rates. The average soil loss was 14.5 t ha^?1 year^?1 but some catchments display values of up to 36.4 t ha^?1 year^?1. The maximum 15-min duration rainfall intensity was used to determine the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity. The northwestern parts of the Tunisian Dorsal display the most extreme rainfall erosivity. Spatial erosion patterns are to some extent similar; however, they vary greatly according to their location in the “soil degradation cycle”. This cycle determines the soil particle delivery potential of the catchment. In general, the northwestern parts of the Dorsal display modest soil erosion patterns due to the already severely degraded soil structure. Here, the soil surface is often the original bedrock. However, the greatest soil erosion occurs in the mid-eastern parts of the Dorsal, which represents the “degradation front”. The latter corresponds to the area with highest erosion, which is continuously progressing westward in the Dorsal. The large variation between the erosive rainfall events and the annual soil loss rates was explained by two important factors. The first relates to the soil degradation cycle. The second factor corresponds to the degradation front with the highest soil loss rates. At present this front is located at 300 m altitude and appears to be moving along an 80-km westward path starting from the east coast. A better understanding of the above can be used to better manage soils and soil covers in the Tunisian Dorsal area and, eventually, to decrease the soil erosion and reservoir siltation risk.

Citation Jebari, S., Berndtsson, R., Bahri, A. & Boufaroua, M. (2010) Spatial soil loss risk and reservoir siltation in semi-arid Tunisia. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(1), 121–137.     

中国国家自然地图集电子版的设计和研制

本文阐述中国国家自然地图集电子版的设计与研制过程中的若干理论、方法、技术问题及实例。文章首先分析了研制中国国家自然地图集电子版的背景和科研、政府部门、大众等用户对它的需求,以及中国科学院知识创新工程对它的项目和经费支持。其次,文章阐述了该电子版的设计原则和若干理论、方法问题,包括在内容上的再创作,在技术上的创新,在功能上的突破,以及在屏幕界面感知效果上的要求和原则。再次,本文介绍了本电子版的体系结构和关键技术。其中体系结构和技术系统包括数据、软件、辅助资料、模型与方法,以及它的四方面的功能,即图集阅览功能、表达—模拟功能、查询—检索功能、量测分析功能。关键技术则涉及到开发平台的选择、三维和动态数据模型的建立、多源多类数据的集成３个方面。第四,文章分析了中国国家自然地图集电子版的主要特色,包括独特的交互界面结构、别致的动态交互工具、各种形式的动态地图、丰富的三维地图浏览、生动形象的三维地形虚拟飞行、新颖的多种表达方法的联合、适当的分析和查询功能。最后,文章阐明了该电子版的未来发展方向和版本更新计划。     

支撑服务广州市规划建设与绿色发展资源环境图集数据集

在对最新的水工环地质调查资料和成果进行梳理和总结的基础上,以粤港澳大湾区三极之一的广州市为重点,编制了地学专业综合图集——《支撑服务广州市规划建设与绿色发展资源环境图集》。《图集》收集和整理了国土资源大调查以来粤港澳湾区开展的环境地质调查、监测数据资料和研究成果等,经二次开发研究,以通俗易读或图或表的形式表示出来。《图集》整体分为序图、国土空间开发利用的地质适宜性评价、城市规划建设应关注的重大地质安全问题、产业发展可以充分利用的优势地质资源、生态环境保护需要重视的资源环境状况和基础地质条件类图件6大类,共53张图,并提出了助力大湾区绿色生态农业发展、清洁能源产业发展、用水安全、旅游产业发展和提升防灾减灾能力等五方面的地质建议,有效服务了广州国土空间规划与海绵城市建设。     

Mode de mise en place des corps salifères dans l'Atlas septentrional de Tunisie. Exemple de l'appareil de Bir Afou

30 km southwest of Tunis, two thin flaky ‘Triassic’ intrusions underline the two flanks of the Atlasic anticline of Bir Afou. These evaporites are interbedded within the Clansayesian shales, and are under and overlain by glauconitic conglomeratic contacts. The ‘Triassic’ flakes, topic of our study, are sourced from the Bir Afou Triassic mass after a rapid pouring out during Late Aptian extensional tectonics. This structure corresponds, for us, to a ‘salt glacier’, similar to that one described at Ben Gasseur by Vila and al. [J.M. Vila, M. Ben Youssef, M. Chikhaoui, M. Ghanmi, Bull. Soc. géol. France 167 (1996) 235–246], which was subsequently folded during Lower Eocene times. Middle and Upper Eocene transgressive formations unconformably deposited on top of the Aptian anticlinal hinge. The major Late Miocene compressive phase is responsible for the present structures and that are superimposed onto the pre-existing ‘salt glacier’. This salifereous system extends the ‘salt glacier’ domain towards the eastern part of the Tunisian Atlas. To cite this article: M. Ben Chelbi et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).