Towards a National Atlas of the Netherlands as part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure

Abstract

This paper is about different worlds, and how we try to unite them. One of these worlds is the world of National Atlases: collections of complex, high-quality maps presenting a nation to the geographically interested. The second is the world of National Spatial Infrastructures: highly organized, standardized and institutionalized large collections of spatial data and services. In the paper, we describe the two worlds and their fundamental differences and we present the theoretical framework in which these worlds could be united. We introduce a test bed we are using to try out the theoretical framework in a real-life use case. In the architecture of that test bed, we introduce a National Atlas Services layer and describe how we have created an Atlas Map Viewer component, using the Open Web Platform. We conclude by commenting on the results thus far and taking a look into future developments.     

Energy fluxes and melt rate of a seasonal snow cover in the Moroccan High Atlas

ABSTRACT

In this study, we used an energy balance model and two simple methods based on readily available data to identify the processes driving the point-scale energy and mass balance of the snowpack. Data were provided from an experimental site located at 3200 m. All models were evaluated by comparing observed and modelled snow water equivalents. Performances are variable from one season to the next and the energy balance model gives better results (mean of root mean square error, RMSE = 25 mm and r² = 0.90) than the two simplified approaches (mean of RMSE = 54 mm and r² = 0.70). There are significant amounts of snow sublimation but they are highly variable from season to season, depending on wind conditions (between 7 and 20% of the total). While the main source of energy for melting is net radiation, the amount of heat brought by sensible heat flux is significant for two of the most windy snow seasons.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Associate editor not assigned     

面向地图集编制的地图可视化设计——以《中华人民共和国人口与环境变迁地图集》为例

地图集的地图可视化设计与单幅地图不同,需要以地图集的总体设计思想为依据,在地图设计与表达时反映指标体系的科学完整性,体现地图集的总体协调性。本文以《中华人民共和国人口与环境变迁地图集》为例,详细介绍了以多指标、长时间序列为特征的人口与环境变迁地图的可视化设计与表达方法,包括:系列地图、结构及其数量变化、构成比例变化、数量变化及其对比关系、累积数量变化、多指标数量累积及其对比、相对某一时间基点变化、单指标多年统计特征的变化、单指标两个时期数据的对比等。该方法以对相关指标现状的表达为基础,重点强调制图对象变迁特征,表达指标体系之间的联系和区别。相关地图可视化设计方法可广泛应用于其他类似专题地图的设计过程中。     

新版《四川省地图集》编制研究

为了在西部大开发中更好地为四川的经济的发展提供测绘保障,四川省测绘局决定重新编制《四川省地图集》。本文从几个方面探讨了新版《四川省地图集》的编制，主要包括编制背景，如何选择使用现势性资料，出版方式，装帧设计，结构设计，重点探讨了各图组内容表示的设计。     

Cristallisation fractionnée et contamination crustale dans la série magmatique jurassique transitionnelle du Haut Atlas central (Maroc)Fractional crystallisation and crustal contamination in the transitional Jurassic magmatic series of Central High Atlas (Morocco)

The Middle Jurassic plutonism of the Central High Atlas (Morocco) was emplaced in N45° trending anticlinal ridges. It is characterised by various petrographic facies including mafic rocks (troctolites), intermediate rocks (diorites, monzodiorites), and evolved rocks (syenites), together with heterogeneous facies resulting from mixing between acidic and the intermediate magmas. Mineralogical and chemical data show (i) the transitional character of the Jurassic magmatic series of the Central High Atlas and (ii) the implication of continental crust as a contaminant during fractional crystallization. To cite this article: R. Zayane et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 97–104.     

Preliminary optical and radiocarbon age determinations for Upper Pleistocene alluvial sediments in the southern Anti Atlas Mountains,MoroccoDatation des sédiments alluviaux du Pléistocène supérieur du versant sud de l'Anti-Atlas,Maroc

This paper presents the first results of a ¹⁴C and optical luminescence dating project on extensive alluvial silt formations in the southern Anti Atlas Mountains in southern Morocco. The silts comprise three members: basal silts, an inter-silt fluvial gravel member and a top silt member and are incised by the rivers. Top silt dates are: 11 340–11 940, 12 670–13 130 cal. yr BP, and 10.6±0.7 ka (OSL). OSL dates for the inter-silt gravels are 29.6±2.0 ka and for the bottom silts is 45.0±3.7 ka. The sediments correlate with Soltanian stratigraphies known elsewhere in Morocco. To cite this article: M. Thorp et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 903–908.     

Interpretation of Holocene lake-level change from diatom assemblages in Lake Sidi Ali,Middle Atlas,Morocco

While palaeohydrological changes in non-outlet lakes provide a key proxy indicator of past climatic fluctuations, for lake systems which have been chemically insensitive, it is necessary to use indicators of water depth rather than salinity to reconstruct their hydro- climatic histories. A study of diatoms in the modern sediments of Sidi Ali, a non-outlet lake in the Middle Atlas of Morocco, has shown a statistically significant correlation between water depth and the ratio of planktonic to littoral diatoms. This relationship is used to calibrate fossil diatom assemblages from a lake sediment core from the same lake to provide a quantitative index of water levels over the pastc. 6500 years. Palaeoecological evidence suggests that climatically induced hydrological variations have dominated the bulk of the mid-late Holocene lake sediment record, with significant human-induced catchment disturbance only occurring during the twentieth century. The pattern of water depth fluctuations suggests that the response time of the regional groundwater system to climatic forcing is <100 years.This is the third in a series of papers published in this issue on the paleolimnology of arid regions. These papers were presented at the Sixth International Palaeolimnology Symposium held 19–21 April, 1993 at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Dr A. R. Chivas served as guest editor for these papers.     

大比例尺地貌晕渲的几种制作方法及比较

针对大比例尺地貌晕渲生成存在的问题,介绍了基于Atlas3D、基于Arc/Info、基于3DSMax三种制作大比例尺地貌晕渲的方法,并进行了比较。     

湖北省行政区划图集的设计思想

为社会经济发展全面布局、统筹规划与宏观决策提供重要科学依据,将权威、法定的区划、地名和界线信息以地图形式直观地显示,湖北省首次开展了《湖北省行政区划图集》编制工作。在图集设计工作中,围绕使用资料权威性、内容表达系统性和图面形式艺术性主题,对图集内容、编排、配置、工艺、色彩及符号等环节进行了大量设计实践工作,创新表达了图集结构、表示方法、整饰等方面,为区域行政区划图集设计探索了工作思路,并可向同类型地图集设计提供技术经验。     

特征数据模型在《南极赛博地图集》数据描述中的应用

地理特征是地球空间上客观存在、具有描述信息的地理实体。特征数据模型倾向于对地理实体的概念描述,它从几何分布、专题要素与时态变化三个方面来描述地理特征,能够实现语义层次上的数据共享。这对于以数据共享和地图制图为主要目的的《南极赛博地图集》来说,能够很好地对南极数据进行抽象和概括。因此,本文就如何利用特征数据模型对地图集中的南极数据进行描述作了阐述。