The Rhodes earthquake of 26 June 1926

We use macroseismic and instrumental data to re-examine the large earthquake of 26 June 1926 in the Hellenic Arc and other associated events. The earthquake was felt over a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region and caused sporadic damage, and in places destruction, over a large area in Rhodes, southwestern Anatolia, eastern Crete and in the Nile Delta. Despite its size, there has been uncertainty as to its position, depth and magnitude. The earthquake was well recorded instrumentally and we have relocated it using the readings listed in the International Seismological Summary and the present location procedure of the International Seismological Centre. We have also inspected seismograms from 14 stations. We find the intermediate depth of the event to be well established at about 115 km, with a formal error of about 10 km and supported by depth phases. There is evidence of complexity in the source, with a secondary release of energy from the same focus after about six seconds. From original records and bulletins we establish the surface-wave magnitude (M_s as 7.4 ± 0.3, corresponding to a moment release of about 2.2 × 10²⁷ dyn.cm. The felt information is consistent with these findings, and although the earthquake was felt very widely, nowhere did it produce excessively high intensities. Our intensity assessments, usually from original sources, tend to be lower than those assigned in previous studies, the highest being IX MSK on Rhodes.     

Long-term changes in distribution and chemistry of middle Miocene to Quaternary volcanism in the Chokai-Kurikoma area across the Northeast Japan Arc

Abstract To understand the characteristics of long‐term spatial and temporal variation in volcanism within a volcanic arc undergoing constant subduction since the cessation of back‐arc opening, a detailed investigation of middle Miocene to Quaternary volcanism was carried out within the Chokai‐Kurikoma area of the Northeast Japan Arc. This study involved a survey of available literature, with new K–Ar and fission track dating, and chemical analyses. Since 14 Ma, volcanism has occurred within the Chokai‐Kurikoma area in specific areas with a ‘branch‐like’ pattern, showing an east–west trend. This is in marked contrast to the widespread distribution of volcanism with a north–south trend in the 20–14 Ma period. The east–west‐ trending ‘branches’ are characterized by regular intervals (50–100 km) of magmatism along the arc. These branches since 14 Ma are remarkably discrepant to the general northwest–southeast or north‐northeast–south‐southwest direction of the crustal structures that have controlled Neogene to Quaternary tectonic movements in northeast Japan. In addition, evidence indicating clustering and focusing of volcanism into smaller regions since 14 Ma was verified. Comparison of the distribution and chemistry of volcanic rocks for three principal volcanic stages (11–8, 6–3 and 2–0 Ma) revealed that widely but sparsely distributed volcanic rocks had almost the same level of alkali and incompatible element concentrations throughout the area (with the exception of Zr) in the 11–8 Ma stage. However, through the 6–3 Ma stage to the 2–0 Ma stage, the concentration level in the back‐arc cluster increased, while that in the volcanic front cluster remained almost constant. Therefore, the degree of partial melting has decreased, most likely with a simultaneous increase in the depth of magma segregation within the back‐arc zone, whereas within the volcanic front zone, the conditions of magma generation have changed little over the three stages. In conclusion, the evolution of the thermal structure within the mantle wedge across the arc since 14 Ma has reduced the extent of ascending mantle diapirs into smaller fields. This has resulted in the tendency for the distribution of volcanism to become localized and concentrated into more specific areas in the form of clusters from the late Miocene to Quaternary.     

Early Paleozoic continental crust accretion in the North Qinling: Evidences from geochronology,geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of arc magmatic rocks in Taipingzhen areaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

二郎坪单元是位于北秦岭构造带中部的一个年轻地体,发育了大量的花岗岩类,是研究北秦岭早古生代大陆地壳增生的理想场所。本文对北秦岭构造带太平镇北英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩体和蛮子营黑云母二长花岗岩体开展了岩石学、年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明,太平镇北奥长花岗岩和蛮子营黑云母二长花岗岩的形成时代分别为468.8±2.8Ma和462.2±1.9Ma。太平镇北岩体为高硅(71.79%-78.66%)、富钠贫钾(K_(2)O/Na_(2)O=0.27-0.77)的低钾拉斑-钙碱性系列岩石;蛮子营岩体为高硅(72.20%-74.90%)、富钾(K_(2)O/Na_(2)O=0.97-1.36)的高钾钙碱性岩石。两者轻重稀土分异均较明显,均具有富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素的特征。太平镇北岩体和蛮子营岩体具有类似的锆石εHf(t)值(奥长花岗岩8.2-12.7;黑云母二长花岗岩8.9-13.2)、全岩(87Sr/86Sr)i(奥长花岗岩0.704038-0.705221;二长花岗岩0.703876-0.705371)和全岩εNd(t)值(奥长花岗岩1.49-2.03;黑云母二长花岗岩1.68-1.92)。研究表明,太平镇北岩体岩浆源区为玄武质弧下地壳,岩浆结晶分异作用形成英云闪长岩和奥长花岗岩;蛮子营岩体岩浆为早期形成的英云闪长岩部分熔融形成。太平镇北岩体和蛮子营岩体均形成于洋内弧的构造环境,从弧玄武岩到富钠英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩再到富钾的二长花岗岩,代表了地幔物质经过多阶段岩浆演化形成富硅富钾长英质地壳的过程。综上,认为洋内弧的形成和岩浆演化是北秦岭大陆地壳增生的重要方式之一。     

Subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean: Evidence from the Huimin Formation of Lancang Group in southwestern Yunnan Province,SE Tibetan PlateauSCIEI北大核心CSCD

滇西南昌宁-孟连缝合带东侧出露的澜沧岩群是重建原特提斯构造演化的关键,但其物质组成、时代和属性长期存在争议。近期地质调查表明,惠民地区的澜沧岩群惠民岩组主要由玄武岩、玄武安山岩、凝灰岩、砂岩、泥岩及灰岩组成,普遍经历了强烈构造变形和绿片岩相变质作用。岩石地球化学特征显示,玄武安山岩属于钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,具Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,具有与俯冲相关火山弧的地球化学属性。其玄武安山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS^(206)Pb/^(238)U加权平均年龄为461.8±5.5Ma(MSWD=1.19,n=25);3件变质碎屑岩夹层的最年轻碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄峰值分别为469Ma、470Ma和475Ma,且同时期火山岩锆石占主导,指示其形成于汇聚板块边缘环境。结合本区东侧兰坪-思茅盆地西缘发育的同时期裂谷型双峰式火山岩分析,澜沧岩群惠民岩组变质火山-沉积岩组合可能是原特提斯洋沿扬子地块西缘向东俯冲过程(现今地理方位)形成的产物。研究表明古特提斯与原特提斯构造演化是连续的。     

Geochronology and petrogeochemistry of Late Permian volcanic rocks in the B.Xiengnou area,Northwestern Laos: Petrogenesis and tectonic significance

The Nan Suture and Sukhothai Arc Terrane are products of the eastward subduction of the Paleotethyan Ocean during the Late Carboniferous to Triassic. However, their footprints in northwestern Laos are poorly constrained. New geochronological and geochemical data presented in this study demonstrate a Late Permian origin for the andesitic rocks in the B.Xiengnou area rather than Late Triassic. The breccia-bearing andesitic tuff in the B.On ultramafic complex yield a zircon U-Pb age of 260 ± 1.4 Ma, geochemically displaying a MORB-like signature. The andesitic tuff in the B.Kiophoulan-B.Houayhak belt gave the U-Pb age of 254 ± 1.3 Ma, with arc-like geochemical affinity. By combining geochronological and geochemical data from the Nan Suture and Sukhothai Arc Terrane, the authors suggest that the andesitic rocks in the B.On ultramafic complex formed in a back-arc basin background, which connected the Jinghong and Nan back-arc basin during the Permian; while the andesitic tuff in the B.Kiophoulan-B.Houayhak belt erupted in the Sukhothai continental arc setting.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Ordovician Macquarie Arc and turbidite fan relationships,Lachlan Orogen,southeastern Australia: stratigraphic and tectonic problems

Ordovician rocks of the Lachlan Orogen consist of two major associations, mafic to intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Macquarie Arc), which aerially comprise several north–south-trending belts, and the quartz-rich turbidite succession. Relationships between these associations are integral to resolving their tectonic settings and opinions range between contacts being major thrusts, combinations of various types of faults, and stratigraphic contacts with structural complications. Stratigraphic contacts between these associations are found with volcaniclastic-dominant units overlying quartz-turbidite units along the eastern boundary of the eastern volcanic belt and along the southern boundary of the central volcanic belt. Mixing between these major associations is limited and reflects waning quartzose turbidite deposition along a gently sloping sea floor not penetrating steeper volcaniclastic aprons that were developing around the growing volcanic centres formed during late Middle Ordovician to early Silurian Macquarie Arc igneous activity. An island arc setting has been most widely supported for the Macquarie Arc, but the identification and polarity of the associated subduction zone remain a contentious issue particularly for the Early Ordovician phase of igneous activity. The Macquarie Arc initiated within a Cambrian backarc formed by sea-floor spreading behind a boninitic island arc and presumably reflects a renewed response to regional convergence as subduction ceased along the Ross–Delamerian convergent boundary at the East Gondwana continental margin. An extensional episode accompanied initiation of the late Middle Ordovician expansion in island arc development. A SSE-dipping subduction zone is considered to have formed the Macquarie Arc and underwent anticlockwise rotation about an Euler pole at the western termination of the island arc. This resulted in widespread deformation west of the Macquarie Arc in the Benambran Orogeny and development of subduction along the eastern margin of the orogenic belt.     

声波测井相控圆弧阵及其辐射指向性

为了实现声波测井的周向分辨能力,提出了可应用于声波测井的、具有周向辐射指向性的相控圆弧阵声波辐射器方案.声波测井圆弧阵发射换能器由多个压电振子沿着圆周排列,通过控制各个振子的激励时间可以实现向某个方位方向的声波辐射.本文以自制的28阵元相控圆弧阵为例,理论和实验研究了相控圆弧阵的辐射指向性及其与阵元个数、声波频率等参数之间的关系.研究表明,在声波测井频率范围内,随着工作阵元个数和频率的增加,圆弧阵辐射声波的周向指向性增强,理论研究和实验研究取得了相一致的结果.与现有的声波测井单极子、偶极子和四极子声源相比,在井下采用相控圆弧阵作为声波辐射器可以真正实现方位声波测井,在各向异性地层评价、定向钻井和井间地层评价等石油工程中有良好的应用前景.     

基于不同DEM数据源的胶东半岛流域特征提取对比与分析

基于SRTM和ASTER GDEM两种DEM数据源,以胶东半岛为研究区,应用ArcMap水文分析(Arc HydroTools)扩展模块和"burn in"算法,提取河网及流域范围。结果显示,集水面积阈值变化直接影响数字河网密集度。对胶东半岛而言,采用分辨率为90m×90m的SRTM数据可较好地提取河网水系及划分流域;提取的11个主要流域,充分体现了胶东半岛地区的流域特征。     

黑河流域水文信息系统设计与实现

水文数据建模和数据共享是流域科学研究的重点工作, 也是"数字流域"研究的基础.目前集成观测数据和环境信息的流域信息基础设施已经成为"数字地球"技术在流域科学方面的重要应用.以水文数据模型和"协同促进水文科学发展大学联盟"水文信息系统(CUAHSI-HIS)为原型, 设计一个适合于黑河流域的集流域地理数据库、 观测系统数据库和数据共享发布系统于一体的流域水文信息系统.系统实现集成各种观测数据类型、 数据来源及观测数据的流域观测数据库, 通过统一地表和地下水的通用数据模型实现流域地表水和地下水信息的一体化存储管理, 同时存储、 组织和在线共享发布流域相关的观测数据和空间数据, 为流域科学研究提供在线生态环境数据的网络服务以及相应的流域观测数据服务, 有效的推动流域科学计划的研究.     

Arc Hydro水文数据模型

水文和水资源管理是地理信息系统的重要应用。ERSI联合得克萨斯大学的水资源研究中心(CRWR),在通用的面向对象地理数据模型Geodatabase的基础上,设计并开发了具有时间序列功能的水文数据模型———Arc Hydro,经过逐步改进,已经比较成熟,可以应用于实际项目。本文详细介绍了Arc Hydro的地理空间数据模型以及所带的工具集。