传统村落人居环境转型的系统特征、研究趋势与框架

传统村落作为中国乡村转型发展研究的重要载体之一,其人居环境是村落自然环境选址、空间功能表达、社会文化建构的综合体现,也是传统农耕文明的活态表现。论文通过界定传统村落概念、梳理传统村落人居环境内涵与系统构成、明晰传统村落人居环境转型特征与表现,从系统角度构建传统村落人居环境转型发展的研究范式。结果表明：(1)传统村落人居环境转型发展研究可从转型内涵界定、转型系统构成与表现、转型阶段划分与空间分异、转型发展路径与模式等方面展开。(2)传统村落人居环境包含主体、空间、功能3个维度,自然生态、社会文化、产业经济、地域空间、多元主体5大子系统,其各子系统转型互为依存又各有侧重,需分类施策。(3)自然生态、地域空间系统是传统村落人居环境转型传统研究范式,属于对“原生物质空间”的研究;社会文化、多元主体、产业经济系统为新近研究范式,属于对“建构性物质空间”的研究;基于问题、目标、需求导向,从系统角度综合研究转型发展则是未来人居环境研究的新趋势。     

“京都、大阪、奈良学术研究型都市”建设模式研究

"京都、大阪、奈良学术研究型都市"在日本简称"京、阪、奈学研都市",在产学界享有盛誉。作者于2014年12月在日本期间,通过实地考察,以及对当地的政府和企业访谈调研,发现:1与著名的"筑波研究学园都市"以国家为主体建设的科学城不同,"京、阪、奈学研都市"是跨行政区域的官、产、学合作的典范;2"京、阪、奈学研都市"充分利用零散的丘陵地貌地形,顺势而为建成了葡萄串式的研发产业集群形态;3在没有动迁一户居民住宅的前提下,构建了研发机构、企业和居住区混合一体化模式;4近20多年,日本的总人口在减少,除了东京等大城市以外很多区域均为人口流出区,但是,"京、阪、奈学研都市"成为人口净流入区,增长势头看好。这一独特的区域创新模式,值得借鉴。     

人海关系地域系统的构成及其研究重点探讨

在全球化和人类活动向海洋扩张的背景下,作为总体性人地关系一个组成部分的人海关系正变得日益复杂和重要,亟需对其进行基础性的理论解读,以整合和指导具体研究的展开。人海关系地域系统包括人类、海洋和陆地3个基本组成部分。其中,人类具有自然和社会2种基本属性,受人类活动影响的海洋和陆地具有自然、社会和关系3种基本属性。人类与海洋、人类与陆地和海洋与陆地之间的互动构成了人海关系地域系统中最基本的相互关系,其不同组合和演变塑造出了具体、多样的人海关系地域系统。当前人海关系地域系统的研究重点包括海洋观、海洋的开发与保护、国际海洋关系、陆海统筹和海洋社会5个方面。     

北极考察与GPS定位研究初探

本文叙述了作者 1 996年参加“北极追踪”科学考察队进行首次北极测绘科学考察期间 ,使用 GPS全球定位观测系统 ,沿雷索柳特 ( Resolute)—夸那 ( Qaanaaq)—卡波郁科 ( Kap Yok)—尤里科 ( Eureke)—北极点 ( North Pole)—尤里科—雷索柳特的考察路线 ,进行了冰海考察路线导航、寻找北极点、夸那及雷索柳特定点观测。事后采用高精度 GPS数据处理科研软件 GAMIT对采集得到的数据进行了处理、分析 ,得到了观测点的地心及大地坐标和各点到北京的空间基线长。结果表明 ,利用 GPS定位系统在北极地区进行大规模范围内、高精度监测地壳运动和环境动态变化是完全可行的。     

Contracts and member checks in qualitative research in human geography: reason for caution?

Contracts with, and member checks by, research participants are increasingly recommended in qualitative research in human geography. However, differences in qualitatively researching 'the powerful', as opposed to researching 'down' mean that contracts and member checks may need to be approached with caution regarding the former. The possibility of the censorship of critique by powerful research participants is exemplified in this article, and a number of more general dilemmas in qualitatively researching 'up' are also discussed. Finally, some choices which might help address possible difficulties in qualitatively researching the powerful are outlined.     

黄河流域分布式水文模型初步研究与进展

结合国家重点基础研究规划项目"黄河流域水资源演化规律与可再生性维持机理"的研究,综述了黄河流域分布式水文模型研究的主要进展,包括分布式水文模型的特点和基本结构、分布式水文模型中的数字高程模型(DEM)和水文学基础、地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)在分布式水文模拟中的应用等方面的内容,对未来分布式水文模型的研究提出几点认识。     

Quantitative Research Performing other Worlds: lessons from sustainable agriculture in the Philippines

For those interested in ethical research, quantitative methods are often dismissed as apolitical; as unreflective exercises in ‘mere counting’. If, however, in doing research, we bring into being the very worlds we purport to describe, the question begs: what kinds of worlds might quantitative methods bring into being? Is there space for a reflexive, quantitative research agenda? In this paper, I will discuss an action-based predominantly quantitative research project that aimed to investigate the diverse impacts of sustainable agriculture on small-scale farmers in the Philippines. The study, one of the largest ever undertaken on organic rice production, was consciously designed, not merely to describe, but to perform organic agriculture differently. While most quantitative, and indeed much qualitative, research ignores its performativity, this research was intended to enact a reality of sustainable agriculture as a viable and vital alternative to mainstream, capitalist agriculture.     

Thinking outside the framework: equitable research partnerships for environmental research in Australia

Many environmental science research programmes now adopt community-based philosophies and designs, although there are few applications in Australian Indigenous communities. This research describes the development and testing of a framework of engagement to guide collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians during an environmental sciences research project. That project aimed to assess trepang (sea cucumber) stocks in Aboriginal waters, and determine the commercial harvest potential of the resource to local people. Its objectives were to undertake trepang survey and mapping, integrate Indigenous knowledge about the resource, and model the existing catch data of commercial fishers operating in the region. The framework of engagement developed to guide the research process comprised a goal, research stages, and a number of guiding principles for collaboration, which were constructed from content analysis of available guidelines and literature and from data gathered during expert interviews. Further data were gathered using participant observation, while implementing the trepang research in accordance with this framework of engagement, and these data were analysed to test and evaluate the framework. Findings indicate discursive and reflective approaches such as action research or adaptive management may better facilitate equitable research partnerships for sustainable development.     

Rocky desertification poverty in Southwest China: Progress,challenges and enlightenment to rural revitalization

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Rocky desertification poverty (RDP) refers to rural poverty triggered or exacerbated by rocky desertification, which deprives farmers of opportunities for...