羌塘盆地中央隆起带的重磁场证据及其构造意义

对于羌塘盆地是否存在横贯东西的中央隆起带,目前学术界仍有分歧.本文提供的最新高精度航空重、磁资料证实存在呈东西向贯通羌塘盆地的中央隆起带,并对该带的构造特征进行了精细刻画.隆起带受南北两侧深大断裂控制,其空间跨度（宽度）由西向东逐渐收敛,并被一组近南北向的隐伏断裂系切割、左滑错动.重、磁场资料还显示中央隆起带在双湖东、西两侧存在明显差异：西段基底大规模隆起,基岩深度一般在3~5 km以内,明显浅于南北羌塘坳陷7~15 km的基底埋深;东段基底隆起幅度明显降低,主要表现为潜伏的低隆起,其中双湖—雅曲段基底埋深5~7 km,雅曲—岗尼段基底埋深7~9 km;即中央隆起带基底自西向东"台阶状"降低,隆起的幅度和分布范围受到近南北向断裂控制.构造分层表明,与南羌塘地块相比,北羌塘地块的基底隆起幅度小、稳定性更好.南北羌塘基底地球物理属性的显著差异说明羌塘盆地并不存在统一的前寒武系变质基底,中央隆起带的形成应该与古特提斯洋关闭时形成的混杂岩带有关.     

基于曲波变换的航空电磁数据去噪方法研究

航空电磁法作为一种地形复杂地区资源探测的有效方法,近年来得到了广泛的应用.然而,由于系统所处的动态环境,噪声干扰严重.为了改善航空电磁数据质量,提高地下电性反演的准确性,需要研发相关去噪技术.传统航电去噪大多针对特定噪声或单一测线上的信号进行处理,难以兼顾相邻测线之间观测信号的相关性.本文采用曲波变换进行二维航空电磁数据去噪.由于曲波变换具有多尺度和多方向性特征,可以在对噪声精细分析的基础上进行有效去除,同时还保证了整个测区内信号的相关性.进而,我们提出Sigmoid阈值函数对传统阈值函数进行改进,以进一步改善去噪效果.为了验证曲波变换方法对航空电磁数据去噪的有效性,将曲波变换和传统去噪方法分别应用于理论模型和实测数据进行对比.试验证明本文曲波变换用于航空电磁数据去噪具有明显的优越性.     

A comparison of methods for the inversion of airborne gravity data

Four integral-based methods for the inversion of gravity disturbances, derived from airborne gravity measurements, into the disturbing potential on the Bjerhammar sphere and the Earths surface are investigated and compared with least-squares (LS) collocation. The performance of the methods is numerically investigated using noise-free and noisy observations, which have been generated using a synthetic gravity field model. It is found that advanced interpolation of gravity disturbances at the nodes of higher-order numerical integration formulas significantly improves the performance of the integral-based methods. This is preferable to the commonly used one-point composed Newton–Cotes integration formulas, which intrinsically imply a piecewise constant interpolation over a patch centered at the observation point. It is shown that the investigated methods behave similarly for noise-free observations, but differently for noisy observations. The best results in terms of root-mean-square (RMS) height-anomaly errors are obtained when the gravity disturbances are first downward continued (inverse Poisson integral) and then transformed into potential values (Hotine integral). The latter has a strong smoothing effect, which damps high-frequency errors inherent in the downward-continued gravity disturbances. An integral method based on the single-layer representation of the disturbing potential shows a similar performance. This representation has the advantage that it can be used directly on surfaces with non-spherical geometry, whereas classical integral-based methods require an additional step if gravity field functionals have to be computed on non-spherical geometries. It is shown that defining the single-layer density on the Bjerhammar sphere gives results with the same quality as obtained when using the Earths topography as support for the single-layer density. A comparison of the four integral-based methods with LS collocation shows that the latter method performs slightly better in terms of RMS height-anomaly errors.     

A New Method for the Determination of Area-Averaged Turbulent Surface Fluxes from Low-Level Flights Using Inverse Models

The low-level flight method (LLF) has been combined with linear inverse models (IM) resulting in an LLF+IM method for the determination of area-averaged turbulent surface fluxes. With this combination, the vertical divergences of the turbulent latent and sensible heat fluxes were calculated from horizontal flights. The statistical errors of the derived turbulent surface fluxes were significantly reduced. The LLF+IM method was tested both in numerical and field experiments. Large-eddy simulations (LES) were performed to compare ‘true’ flux profiles with ‘measurements’ of simulated flights in an idealised convective boundary layer. Small differences between the ‘true’ and the ‘measured’ fluxes were found, but the vertical flux divergences were correctly calculated by the LLF+IM method. The LLF+IM method was then applied to data collected during two flights with the Helipod, a turbulence probe carried by a helicopter, and with the research aircraft Do 128 in the LITFASS-98 field campaign. The derived surface fluxes were compared with results from eddy-covariance surface stations and with large-aperture scintillometer data. The comparison showed that the LLF+IM method worked well for the sensible heat flux at 77 and 200 m flight levels, and also for the latent heat flux at the lowest level. The model quality control indicated failures for the latent heat flux at the 200 m level (and higher), which were probably due to large moisture fluctuations that could not be modelled using linear assumptions. Finally the LLF+IM method was applied to more than twenty low-level flights from the LITFASS-2003 experiment. Comparison with aggregated surface flux data revealed good agreement for the sensible heat flux but larger discrepancies and a higher statistical uncertainty for the latent heat flux     

彩红外遥感在果树资源调查中的应用

本文应用航空遥感综合判读原理,采用数理统计成数抽样的方法,对山西省运城地区果树资源进行了调查,查清了该区盛果期、初果期和末果期的果树分布及现状,并分析了该区在果树发展中存在及应注意的问题,为省政府领导决策农业生产提供了科学依据。     

用谱分布法确定航空重力测量数据分辨率

根据重力异常在不同高度上的谱信息分布 ,给出了不同高度测定不同分辨率重力异常时航空重力测量系统应达到的精度 ;从系统误差源综合分析得出 ,当前航空重力测量系统的测量精度约为± 3× 1 0 - 5ms- 2 ;最后给出了航空重力测量系统能可靠地测定分辨率 1 0′、条件较好时分辨率 5′的重力异常的结论。     

HNO3 and PSC Measurements from the Transall: Sequestering of HNO3 in the Winter of 1994/95

In the winter of 1994/95 the TRANSALL research aircraft performed several flights in the region of the Arctic vortex during the period of low stratospheric temperatures. The results of simultaneous measurements of HNO3 column amounts by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) and of aerosol backscatter profiles by the Ozone Lidar EXperiment (OLEX) are presented for two typical flight scenarios across the polar vortex boundary on December 17, 1994 and January 11/12, 1995. On December 17 and January 12, the column amounts of gaseous HNO3 decreased significantly in regions with low stratospheric temperatures. This decrease was correlated with the extent of the polar stratospheric clouds. Depolarisation measurements showed that type Ib PSCs were observed primarily, but equilibrium calculations for H2SO4/HNO3/H2O aerosols seem to underestimate the observed HNO3 sequestering.     

MIPAS-Transall Observations of the Variability of CLONO2 during the Arctic Winter of 1994/95

In the winter of 1994/95 the German Transall research aircraft performed 5 campaigns in the European Arctic with 22 flights altogether. An extensive dataset of HNO3, ClONO2 and O3 column amounts was obtained by MIPAS-FT (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding - Flugzeug Transall) onboard the aircraft. In this paper we present the variability of the ClONO2 reservoir gas in the course of the winter. We include groundbased FTIR measurements of HF, HCl and ClONO2 to discuss the airborne observations with regard to the partitioning of inorganic chlorine.From mid-December until the end of January, MIPAS measured a stable ClONO2 collar with constantly low column amounts inside the polar vortex and maxima at the edge. This observation reflected widespread conversion of ClONO2 to reactive chlorine inside the vortex for at least six weeks. In good accordance, the ground stations measured low in-vortex HCl and ClONO2 column amounts and conversion of HCl into ClONO2 in the region of the ClONO2 maxima. In the first week of February the ClONO2 amounts started to increase in the edge region as well as inside the vortex. Between March 21 and 27, just one week after the last cold period, MIPAS observed exclusively high ClONO2 column amounts inside the vortex, indicating fast deactivation of active chlorine. In the same period the ground stations measured an excess of ClONO2 over HCl. Further, the high ClONO2 implies that the polar vortex was renoxified in March. Lower ClONO2 values, observed inside the vortex on the flights of April 5 and 8, and an increased HCl/ClONO2 ratio, measured from ground, marked the starting redistribution within the chlorine reservoir species to the photochemically more stable HCl.In February, March and April, MIPAS observed mixing of ClONO2-rich air masses with midlatitude air at the vortex edge. A very clear event happened on March 27. On this flight a distinct ClONO2 minimum was measured at the vortex edge, which was closely correlated with a filament of midlatitude air observed by OLEX (Ozone Lidar EXperiment) onboard the Transall.     

航空伽玛能谱资料在昆明地区磷矿普查中的应用

磷块岩矿床中磷与放射性元素铀之间存在着共生组合关系。这是应用航空伽玛能谱测量普查磷矿的前提。通过对6个已知磷块岩矿床的航空伽玛能谱特征场的分析,建立了应用航空伽玛能谱资料确定磷矿找矿靶区的评价准则,并对昆阳磷矿区和王家湾磷矿区外围未知地区作了初步评价,确定了Ｉ类找矿靶区5片,Ⅱ类找矿靶区3片。现已在找矿靶区内找到了磷矿床。     

利用航空重力测量和DEM确定地面重力场

本文基于空中一点重力异常可以代表地面一定相关区的平均重力异常的频谱特性，以及在局部区域空间异常与地形高的相关性，提出综合利用航空重力测量和数字高程模型确定地面重力异常的方法。该法可以解决航空重力测量分辨率受航高所限以及地面相关区重叠等问题，数值试验证明了此方法的有效性。