Change detection in urban areas by object-based analysis and on-the-fly comparison of multi-view ALS data

The use of helicopters as a sensor platform offers flexible fields of application due to adaptable flying speed at low flight levels. Modern helicopters are equipped with radar altimeters, inertial navigation systems (INS), forward-looking cameras and even laser scanners for automatic obstacle avoidance. If the 3D geometry of the terrain is already available, the analysis of airborne laser scanner (ALS) measurements may also be used for terrain-referenced navigation and change detection. In this paper, we present a framework for on-the-fly comparison of current ALS data to given reference data of an urban area. In contrast to classical difference methods, our approach extends the concept of occupancy grids known from robot mapping. However, it does not blur the measured information onto the grid cells. The proposed change detection method applies the Dempster–Shafer theory to identify conflicting evidence along the laser pulse propagation path. Additional attributes are considered to decide whether detected changes are of man-made origin or occurring due to seasonal effects. The concept of online change detection has been successfully validated in offline experiments with recorded ALS data streams. Results are shown for an urban test site at which multi-view ALS data were acquired at an interval of 1 year.     

黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计

介绍了"黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验"的背景、科学目标、试验组成和试验方案。试验的总体目标是显著提升对流域生态和水文过程的观测能力,建立国际领先的流域观测系统,提高遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。由基础试验、专题试验、应用试验、产品与方法研究和信息系统组成。其中,①基础试验:搭载微波辐射计、成像光谱仪、热像仪、激光雷达等航空遥感设备,开展一系列关键生态和水文参量的观测;发展遥感正向模型及反演和估算方法。形成覆盖全流域的水文气象综合观测网,为流域生态—水文模型研究提供更有代表性的模型参数、驱动数据及更高精度的验证数据。构建无线传感器网络,度量生态水文模型所需的若干关键的驱动、参数和模型状态的空间异质性。开展航空遥感定标和地基遥感试验。依托传感器网络,并辅之以地面同步和加密观测,开展遥感产品真实性检验。②专题试验:开展"非均匀下垫面多尺度地表蒸散发观测试验",采用密集的涡动相关仪、大孔径闪烁仪与自动气象站的观测矩阵,为揭示地表蒸散发的空间异质性,实现非均匀下垫面地表蒸散发的尺度扩展,发展和验证蒸散发模型提供基础数据。③应用试验:在流域上、中、下游分别开展针对积雪和冻土水文、灌溉水平衡和作物生长、生态耗水的综合观测试验,将观测数据和遥感产品用于上游分布式水文模型、中游地表水—地下水—农作物生长耦合模型、下游生态耗水模型,通过实证研究提升遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。加强试验将在2012年5月起按中游、上游、下游的顺序展开,全流域持续观测期为2013—2015年。在各类试验的支持下,开展全流域生态—水文关键参量遥感产品生产,发展尺度转换方法,建立多源遥感数据同化系统。     

难府缝合带：航空地球物理结果

Nan suture in northern Thailand, representing a complex zone with complex geology and structures, has been selected for airborne geophysical investiga-tions. The suture has been widely accepted as an early Triassic collision zone between Shan-Thai and Indo-china microcontinental blocks. Our field data suggest the occurrence of a mélange zone in response to com-pression tectonics. Moreover, previous petrochemical and field investigations suggest that the Nan suture may have been formed as a result of a subduction zone.     

机载LIDAR技术在快速生产高精度DEM中的应用

论述了机载LIDAR系统的组成与工作原理,简述了生产中利用机载LIDAR数据生成DEM的流程及原理分析,并结合数据生产DEM,分析其精度.     

同心补偿式直升机时间域航空电磁法吊舱校准装置研究

直升机间域航空电磁法(Helicopter-borne time-domain electromagnetic method,HTEM)的多次空中仪器校准可消除飞行过程中仪器系统受外界环境的时变影响.吊舱校准装置可解决地面环线方式无法实现的空中飞行过程中仪器校准问题.本文从研究同心补偿吊舱装置模型出发,提出了吊舱装置空...     

基于异常线圈的时间域AEM系统测试和标定方法研究

为了检验和测试时间域航空电磁系统的测量精度和有效性,采用地面铺设闭合的异常线圈模拟地下有限导体的方法,将异常线圈的电磁响应理论值与系统实测数据进行拟合分析,来确定系统误差和飞行几何参数误差.在计算异常线圈电磁响应的基础上,研究了衰减曲线、剖面曲线与线圈的电性、几何参数关系,设计了野外测试实验方案.在长春市大鹅岛附近,采用吊车进行了系统测试,测试结果表明:单点实测数据的平均绝对误差为0.48 mV,系统相对误差小于1%,飞行高度误差为0.4 m、水平偏移误差为0.2 m.基于异常线圈进行时间域航空电磁系统的测试和标定,是一种准确、快速、经济可行的方法,具有野外施工便捷、参数调整灵活等特点,适用于任何时间域电磁测量系统的检测.     

热红外遥感技术在地热资源调查中的应用与潜力

本文简要介绍了热红外遥感技术在地热资源调查中的应用进展及探测地热的原理与物理前提。通过辽南地热调查中的几个地热实例说明了该项技术在地热调查中的效果和应用前景,客观地分析了该项技术的应用潜力与局限性,强调了成像条件好坏是地热调查成败的关键。     

多尺度相关性分析的机载双极化InSAR轨道误差校正方法

在高分辨率机载干涉SAR成像处理过程中,由于载机飞行过程中偏离理想轨迹,需要高精度的惯导系统和GPS系统记录载机的运动轨迹并进行运动补偿.然而,由于目前传感器导航精度的限制,在完成运动补偿处理后仍然存在轨道误差,从而影响干涉相位的精度,本文提出了一种机载双极化InSAR轨道误差去除方法.该方法利用小波多尺度分析对不同极...     

基于机载LiDAR的沿海滩涂地形图制作方法研究

在当前海洋经济的发展迫切需要高精度的沿海滩涂地形数据作为海洋工程规划实施保障的背景下,本文基于浙江省海洋测绘工程的实践,提出了一套基于机载LiDAR技术进行滩涂地形图制作的方法。通过对滩涂地形图的表达形式、制作流程以及高程要素提取和多源数据融合等关键技术问题进行研究,在全国率先完成了全省高精度滩涂地形图的绘制,实现了浙江省地形图的陆海一体化,相关经验对国内类似项目的开展具有重要的参考意义。     

Fine-Scale Measurements Of Turbulence In The Lower Troposphere: An Intercomparison Between A Kite- And Balloon-Borne, And A Helicopter-Borne Measurement System

Two state-of-the-art, high-resolution, in situ turbulence measurement systems, which can be deployed at altitudes well above the atmospheric surface layer, are compared: the Tethered Lifting System (TLS) of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, and the helicopter-borneturbulence measurement system HELIPOD of the Technical UniversityBraunschweig, Germany, and the University of Hanover, Germany. Whilethe CIRES TLS is a fixed-point platform, HELIPOD is a moving platform.On the basis of data taken with the two systems in separate field campaigns,the system capabilities are quantified and discussed. Criteria for instrumentalrequirements are presented. It is shown that both the CIRES TLS and HELIPODare well suited for measuring fine-scale turbulence that is characterized by very small temperature structure parameters 10⁶ K² m^–2/3 and smaller) and very small energy dissipation rates (10^-7 m² s^-3 and smaller). The authors are not aware of any other turbulence measurement systems that have similar capabilities and can be deployed at altitudes of up to several kilometres. The HELIPOD is ideal for high-resolution horizontal measurements while the TLS is ideal for high-resolution vertical measurements using multiple sensors attached to a suspended line.