FIR低通差分器的设计及其在航空重力测量中的应用

根据契比雪夫逼近理论 ,设计了适用于航空重力测量应用的有限冲激响应 (FIR)低通差分器 ,利用模拟模型对滤波器的性能进行了验证 .基于静态GPS试验数据和某地区机载动态GPS摄影定位的实测数据 ,应用FIR低通差分器计算了载体的垂直加速度 ,计算结果表明 ,当滤波时间间隔为 1 0 0s时 ,垂直加速度的确定精度可达± 1— 2mGal.     

Comparison of methods for estimating earth resistivity from airborne electromagnetic measurements

Earth resistivity estimates from frequency domain airborne electromagnetic data can vary over more than two orders of magnitude depending on the half-space estimation method used. Lookup tables are fast methods for estimating half-space resistivities, and can be based on in-phase and quadrature measurements for a specified frequency, or on quadrature and sensor height. Inverse methods are slower, but allow sensor height to be incorporated more directly. Extreme topographic relief can affect estimates from each of the methods, particularly if the portion of the line over the topographic feature is not at a constant height above ground level. Quadrature–sensor height lookup table estimates are generally too low over narrow valleys. The other methods are also affected, but behave less predictably. Over very good conductors, quadrature–sensor height tables can yield resistivity estimates that are too high. In-phase–quadrature tables and inverse methods yield resistivity estimates that are too high when the earth has high magnetic susceptibility, whereas quadrature–sensor height methods are unaffected. However, it is possible to incorporate magnetic susceptibility into the in-phase–quadrature lookup table. In-phase–quadrature lookup tables can give different results according to whether the tables are ordered according to the in-phase component or the quadrature component. The rules for handling negative in-phase measurements are particularly critical. Although resistivity maps produced from the different methods tend to be similar, details can vary considerably, calling into question the ability to make detailed interpretations based on half-space models.     

An improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus signatures in airborne thermal imagery

In recent years, application of remote sensing to marine mammal surveys has been a promising area of investigation for wildlife managers and researchers. In April 2006, the United States and Russia conducted an aerial survey of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) using thermal infrared sensors to detect groups of animals resting on pack ice in the Bering Sea. The goal of this survey was to estimate the size of the Pacific walrus population. An initial analysis of the U.S. data using previously-established methods resulted in lower detectability of walrus groups in the imagery and higher variability in calibration models than was expected based on pilot studies. This paper describes an improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus groups in airborne thermal imagery.Thermal images were first subdivided into smaller 200 × 200 pixel “tiles.” We calculated three statistics to represent characteristics of walrus signatures from the temperature histogram for each tile. Tiles that exhibited one or more of these characteristics were examined further to determine if walrus signatures were present. We used cluster analysis on tiles that contained walrus signatures to determine which pixels belonged to each group. We then calculated a thermal index value for each walrus group in the imagery and used generalized linear models to estimate detection functions (the probability of a group having a positive index value) and calibration functions (the size of a group as a function of its index value) based on counts from matched digital aerial photographs.The new method described here improved our ability to detect walrus groups at both 2 m and 4 m spatial resolution. In addition, the resulting calibration models have lower variance than the original method. We anticipate that the use of this new procedure will greatly improve the quality of the population estimate derived from these data. This procedure may also have broader applicability to thermal infrared surveys of other wildlife species.     

胶莱盆地区域地球物理场特征及构造单元划分

胶莱盆地第四系分布广泛 ,其构造单元可利用重磁资料进行划分。本文对鲁东地区各岩层的磁性及密度资料进行了汇总 ,按物性特征将其划分为 5种类型。根据胶莱盆地重磁场形态、走向、幅值等特征 ,可将其划分为 6个分区 ,其中七级镇重高磁高低相间区为该盆地的特殊地段。胶莱盆地共划分 1 4个次级构造单元 ,它们的形成与发展受七级镇断裂带的控制。     

AGS-863航磁全轴梯度勘查系统关键性指标测试

中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心成功研制出具有完全自主知识产权的AGS-863航磁全轴梯度勘查系统,并在内蒙古某地进行了航磁全轴梯度试生产。为配合航磁全轴梯度试生产,对系统设计的关键性指标予以实际测试,设计了相关试验,以验证AGS-863航磁全轴梯度勘查系统的稳定性与可靠性。测试结果表明系统具有非常好的同步特性、一致性和长期稳定性以及补偿精度。     

机载激光扫描测高数据滤波

机载激光扫描测高数据的滤波和分类是获取高精度数字高程模型的关键,也是国际上目前研究的重点和难点之一。本文详细研究了机载激光扫描测高数据滤波的方法,对现有各种滤波算法进行了综合评价,指出了现有方法的不足,在此基础上首次将"移动曲面拟合预测"滤波算法用于机载激光扫描测高数据滤波处理。试验结果表明该算法自适应性强,计算速度快,滤波效果好。通过对不同测区的数据进行实验,给出了滤波前后的对比结果。     

河北省层状云降水系统微物理结构的飞机观测研究

对4架次飞行个例的PMS资料进行综合分析,发现河北省春季层状云降水系统存在不均匀性,表现之一为较强降水云带。1991年5月25日的个例在飞机上升和下降过程中两次在2000m左右探测到较强的云内逆温,逆温层顶下方存在云水含量的峰值。对1992年6月20日两次个例的冷云的冰晶尺度、冰水含量(IWC)、冰晶浓度和液水含量(IWC)的垂直分布进行了分析。对两次个例的云中可播性进行判别,发现潜力区占云区的1／2左右,有时存在大片强可播区。     

大气颗粒物矿物相组成与微观形貌研究进展

矿物颗粒是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,其物相组成和微观形貌等特征既对人体危害的机理研究具有重要意义,同时蕴藏着颗粒物来源及变化等有用信息。自上个世纪80年代至今,大气颗粒物中矿物颗粒物相组成及微观形貌的研究大致经历了3个阶段,主要体现在研究方法和手段的不断探索与进步,研究对象由总悬浮颗粒向PM_2.5甚至更细颗粒物以及由全颗粒分析向单颗粒分析转移,不断重视原生矿物变化及次生矿物生成机理研究。本文提出发生硫化现象的原生矿物及二次成因硫酸盐颗粒是未来研究的重要方向之一。     

ALiDAR用于1∶10000比例尺地形图高程更新的可行性研究

本文简要介绍了ALiDAR在航高3000m的应用现状,为验证其在1∶10 000比例尺地形图高程更新中的可行性,通过ALiDAR航摄前实施参数设置、仪器检校、参考站选择、航线设计等质量控制措施,再利用网络RTK对ALiDAR在平地、城镇、丘陵、山区等不同地貌点进行了检测,并对检测结果进行了统计分析,得出航高3000m ALiDAR用于1∶10 000比例尺地形图高程更新具有可行性。     

A geological and hydrogeological assessment of the electrical conductivity information from the HiRES airborne geophysical survey of the Isle of Wight

A recent high resolution airborne geophysical survey across the Isle of Wight (IoW) and Lymington area has provided the first electromagnetic data across the relatively young geological formations characterising much of southern England. The multi-frequency data provide information on bulk electrical conductivity to depths of the order of 100 m. A GIS-based assessment of the electrical conductivity information in relation to bedrock geological classification has been conducted for the first time. The analysis uses over 104,000 measurements across onshore IoW and has established average and statistical properties as a function of bedrock geology. The average values are used to provide baseline maps of apparent electrical conductivity and the variation with depth (measured as a function of frequency). The average conductivity as a function of depth within the main aquifer units is summarised. The data indicate that the majority of the Palaeogene is characterised by values consistently in excess of 100 mS/m and with a surprisingly high degree of spatial heterogeneity. The youngest (Oligocene) Hamstead Member displays some strong edge effects and the largest localized values in conductivity. The central Upper Chalk is associated with the lowest observed conductivity values and mineral content and/or porosity appears to increase with increasing age. The large central outcrop of the Lower Greensand Group, Ferruginous Sand Formation provides persistently low (<30 mS/m) conductivity values which imply a relatively uniform distribution of clean sand content. Non-geological (e.g. environmental) responses are contained within the data set and examples of these in relation to a closed municipal landfill and an area of potential coastal saline intrusion are discussed. In the south, the Gault clay/mudstone of the Early Cretaceous appears as a distinctive conductive unit. Cross sectional modelling of the data has been undertaken across the aquifer units of the Southern Downs. The results indicate that the Gault Formation, acting as an aquitard, can be traced as a distinct unit under the more resistive Early Cretaceous Upper Greensand and Late Cretaceous Chalk formations. The conductivity modelling should therefore allow an estimation of the subsurface configuration of the aquifer and aquitard units.