张北6.2级地震前的电磁前兆信号的特征

通过对张北6.2级地震前辽中台接收的电磁信号研究分析，总结出这次距辽中台600km、6级地震前的电磁前兆信号，具有弱－强－弱－平静后发震的总变化过程。异常信息具有异常时间长、信号强、异常范围大的特征。     

构造应力超压机制的定量分析

构造应力一直被认为是超压形成的重要机制,但对其研究还处于定性的分析阶段．本文利用以有限元方法为基础的盆地数值模型,在一维的剖面上考虑构造应力强度、构造作用时间及方式、地层的物理成岩特征及其岩石渗透率等因素的变化,对构造应力在地层压力演化中的作用进行了模拟分析．获得了一些构造应力作为超压形成机制的新认识：（1）构造应力在水平方向上增加了地层的压实作用;（2）在极端条件下,构造应力所引起的超压增量可达构造应力的一半;（3）上覆地层因构造应力的作用而发生的更为强烈的压实结果对其下伏地层内压力的演化也很重要,其增加的超压增量可达构造应力的15%～20％．     

冬季热带印度洋上层流场异常模态分析

利用复经验正交函数(CEOF)分解对冬季热带印度洋海洋上层流场异常做了模态分析和结果讨论,得到以下主要结果:该流场异常前两个模态均呈现赤道俘获波形式,其异常在赤道上最大,向南北两侧迅速衰减,呈现纬向流的形态;第一、二模态的性质分别是大洋赤道波动的半波和1波形态,这表明此时赤道波动异常在大洋流场异常中占有重要地位。冬季第一模态大洋垂直运动所导致的近表层海温异常与春、秋季不同,此时在赤道印度洋呈现正—负—正的经向分布态势,这与印度洋耦极子(Indian Ocean Dipole,IOD)的不同,并是IOD在冬季衰亡的直接原因。第二模态相应的海温异常则在赤道东印度洋呈现北负南正的分布态势。第一模态与南亚冬季风异常密切有关,为印度洋冬季风环流模态。第一、二模态都有明显的年际变化和年代际变化,年际变化均为3~5年,主要的年代际变化则分别为约18、22年,此外两者还均有约13年的年代际变化。本文第一、二模态年代际变化的主周期也是冬季北太平洋和冬季热带太平洋流场异常第二、一模态的主周期。     

评述异常压力研究中的石油地质学新思想

在对异常压力的认识不断深化的过程中,凝结出许多新的概念和思想,为现代石油地质学理论注入了新的内容。关于超压生成与有机质成熟-生烃的关系虽有争议,但大多数主张超压对有机质成熟和生烃起抑制作用;在超压的背景下,生烃、排烃以及烃类的运移和聚集常呈现出幕式的特征;压力驱动是流体活动和油气运移的重要动力;动态运移通道是油气运移的新型通道;通常压力过渡带是油气聚集的有利场所;在超压的含油气盆地中,可能发现的非传统油气聚集有异常压力的气饱和封存箱、水力破裂-泥岩裂缝油气藏、烃水倒置的油气藏等。异常压力的储层具有相对独立性。     

Hydrochemistry of formation water with implication to diagenetic reactions in Sanzhao depression and Qijia-gulong depression of Songliao Basin, China

The Sanzhao depression and Qijia-gulong depression are two of the most important hydrocarbon-bearing sub-depressions in the Songliao basin, dominated by Cretaceous fluvial and lacustrine strata with volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. In this paper, the pressure distributions and hydrochemistry variations in those two depressions are investigated. It is found that the Qijia-gulong depression is dominated by overpressure, but the Sanzhao depression is dominated by underpressure, especially in the Quantou formation. The salinity of formation water ranges from 1.0 g/L to 20 g/L, with a mean of 4 g/L in most formations. Water composition is dominated by NaHCO₃ water type but varies greatly in salinity and ionic ratios in the different depressions. The results of mass balance calculation reveal that, fluid chemistry in the Qijia-gulong depression is dominated by dissolution of silicate minerals and halite, whereas in the Sanzhao depression it is dominated by silicate mineral dissolution, evaporite dissolution (halite and gypsum), carbonate mineral dissolution/precipitation, and cation exchange.     

乌鸦嘴泉水氡异常判识

本文通过对比分析及统计分析指出,乌鸦咀泉水氡存在年畸变异常,并进一步对可能引起异常的各种因素进行排除分析,排除其它因素,认为该异常主要是水点内在原因所致,应结合全省其它水点其它测项作进一步分析,并结合以往的震例做出一定程度的预报。     

异常等级断面图的编制程序及其在电法中的应用

地球物理勘察是一种体积勘探，其观测值不仅与测点附近的物性、地质条件有关，而且还取决于装置以及物理场主要作用范围内物性体的分布。为了压制非目标因素，突出有效异常，采用适当的数学手段对观测数据进行处理是必要的。编制异常等级断面图就是一种行之有效的方法。详细叙述了异常等级断面图的编制程序和注意事项。实例介绍了在传统直流电法中的实际应用及其独特的地质效果。异常等级断面图适于在水文工程、环境物探中运用，其基本思路也可应用于其他诸多领域。     

Origin of abnormal substances discharged from Baozhusi Dam Base, Sichuan, China

Baozhusi reservoir is a large-scale hydropower engineering project in Sichuan Province, China. After drainage wells were drilled in the dam base, white flocculent and black gel substances, accompanied by a rotten-egg odor, were found in some of the drainage water wells. On the basis of a brief introduction of the geological setting in Baozhusi Dam area, the origin of the abnormal substances were analyzed and discussed through the following procedures: (1) the abnormal substances were sampled and their chemical and mineral compositions were analyzed; (2) the origin of drainage waters were determined using the isotope method and well flux measurement results; (3) characteristics of chemical composition of drainage waters were discussed relative to other kinds of waters in the area; (4) process of formation of the abnormal substances were determined using hydrogeochemical methods; (5) laboratory immersion experiment was carried out to verify the conclusions. Results showed that the abnormal substances were formed by interactions between recharging water from the reservoir and dam base rock as well as dam building materials. Among these, the precipitation of calcite and dolomite, the dissolution of calcium hydroxide and anhydrite as well as the reduction of SO₄^–2 to H₂S by organic matter are the most important processes.     

矿化信息提取的混合蚀变遥感模型——以鹰嘴山金矿区为例

在围岩蚀变类型丰富、成矿作用复杂的甘肃省鹰嘴山金矿区,依据矿化蚀变岩与其围岩的波谱特征差异,通过对地面实测光 谱数据及其岩矿石多元数据的统计分析,建立混合蚀变遥感模型。选择最佳变量图像或变量图像组合,最终提取出该地区的混合蚀变 遥感异常信息。实践证明,该方法在矿化信息的提取上效果显著。     

电磁辐射异常与岫岩地震

本文主要叙述了岫岩主、余震电磁辐射异常和各种手段的异常形态，总结了我国区近震和地方震的主要异常指标，对模拟、数字化的设备异常都做了详尽的分析说明。