北极海冰与大气环流耦合主模态的时空特征分析

对1979—2009年月平均的CFSR（The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）海冰密集度（SIC）和海平面气压（SLP）资料进行多变量经验正交函数分解（MV—EOF）,得出耦合主模态,并通过对温度、位势高度和风场的回归分析,进一步探寻海冰与大气环流的关系,第一模态SLP的特征为北极涛动（AO）,SIC呈离散的正负中心分布但大体为东西反位相,AO正位相时,喀拉海、拉普捷夫海、东西伯利亚海和鄂霍次克海海冰减少,巴芬湾、波弗特海、楚科奇海和白令海海冰增加。耦合第二模态的SLP呈偶极子分布,负、正异常中心在巴伦支海和波弗特海,SIC在巴伦支海,弗拉姆海峡,格陵兰海,拉布拉多海和白令海,鄂霍次克海地区有正异常,在喀拉海、拉普捷夫海、东西伯利亚海、楚科齐海和波弗特海为负异常。耦合第三模态SLP在冰岛地区存在负异常中心,在拉普捷夫海地区有正异常中心,SIC在巴伦支海北部、弗拉姆海峡、格陵兰海为负异常,其余地区全为正异常。 对SLP和SIC分别进行EOF分解,并与耦合模态进行比较,SLP的EOF主模态的时空分布与耦合模态中SLP的时空分布十分相似,SIC的EOF模态的时空分布则与耦合模态中SIC的时空分布有较大差别,说明耦合模态对SIC的分布影响较大,即大气环流对海冰分布的影响为主要的过程,海冰对大尺度的大气环流的模态的影响不明显。     

南北涛动与南极涛动及北极涛动的相互作用

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了南北涛动（Interhemispheric Oscillation,IHO）与北极涛动（Arctic Oscillation,AO）和南极涛动（Antarctic Oscillation,AAO）的联系。分析表明：1）北极涛动（AO）、南极涛动（AAO）与全年各自半球中高纬度地表气压变化密切联系。其中,AO冬季强度最强,且在春季、冬季的影响范围大。而AAO对南半球中高纬的地表气压变动影响更为明显,其在夏季影响范围最大。2）南极涛动（AAO）与南北涛动（IHO）有很好的同期相关性,南极涛动可部分解释南北涛动的形成。IHO与AO存在不显著的负相关,南北半球中高纬大气运动具有相对独立性。3）南北涛动（IHO）与全球较大范围内的地面气压变化有关,而去除AAO信号后,夏季在南极地区原显著相关区显著减少,夏季AAO与IHO存在密切联系。4）南北涛动（IHO）主要与春季、秋季和冬季亚洲、欧洲北部地面气温关系密切。秋季最强,春季次之,冬季最弱。夏季IHO与全球地面气温没有较好的联系。亚欧大陆北部的热力作用可能部分地解释了南北涛动的形成。     

北极涛动主模态下北极冷空气的优势路径和影响地区的研究

本文以拉格朗日观点分析北极涛动（Arctic Oscillation,AO）,也被称为北半球环状模（Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode,NAM）的指数异常事件中北极近地面冷气团的活动路径,直接地表现出了异常事件中冷气团运动的优势路径,从而反映出AO/NAM对地面气温的直接调控作用.在正AO/NAM指数异常事件中,极区近地面冷气团活动轨迹以纬向环流为主,表现为环绕北半球中高纬地区的冷气团活动轨迹特征明显.而在负AO/NAM指数异常事件中,极区冷气团以反气旋式轨迹流出极区后,流入中纬度海洋上的低气压区,这种由极区向中纬度地区流动的经向运动轨迹特点显著.并且在指数下降的中后期出现两种强烈影响欧亚大陆的运动轨迹.正负事件中冷气团运动轨迹很好地解释了传统公认的AO/NAM对北半球不同地区冬季气温的影响.特别是对中国冬季气温的影响上,正AO/NAM指数异常事件中的中低层冷气团活动有利于南支槽加深,进而为南方地区冰冻雨雪天气提供了有利条件;而负事件中的极地近地面冷气团可直接影响东北地区,形成寒潮降温天气.

     

Symbian OS中事件驱动多任务的研究

首先对当今最主要的智能手机操作系统Symbian0S进行简单介绍,然后针对手机终端这一特殊硬件设备上的应用,对Symbian0S中的事件驱动多任务进行分析研究,通过对利用线程实现异步操作和AO（ActiveObject）实现异步操作进行比较,得出AO是SymbianOS中事件驱动多任务的最佳选择的结论,最后结合在实际中的应用展示了如何使用AO包装异步服务。     

射电源AO 0235＋164不同波段之间的相关时延分析及谱指数演化

详细介绍了由Edelson和Krolik提出的离散相关分析方法，该方法比较适合于因天文观测的不规则性而引起的时间分布不均匀的不同波段之间流量的相关分析，取两种极端的情况（完全相关和完全不相关）对该方法进行了测试，结果表明这是一种比较切实可行的方法。利用它，对AO0235＋164在4个波段上流量变化作相关性分析，结果表明，AO 0235＋164在5GHz,8GHz,14.5GHz和光学BI皮段的辐射之间存在着明显的相关性，高频波段的流量变化早于低频波段的流量变化，表明这些波段的辐射（从射电到光学）可能来源于相同的辐射机制，或者辐射是相关的，另外发现，谱指数随着时间而发生变化，这种变化在5GHz 8GHz和14．5GHz之间多表现为逆谱的形式，种种迹象表明AO 0235 164的射电爆发可能是和激波的形成有关，多波段的频谱分析和频谱演化研究可能是揭示这种关系的有效途径。     

基于AO的钻孔柱状图的绘制

本文针对传统手工绘制钻孔柱状图普遍存在的成图慢、效率低,难以满足实际生产的需要等许多不足之处而开发的一个应用程序。在ArcMap内置的VBA环境下调用AO的一些接口函数完成柱状图的绘制,然后调用岩层符号化功能模块,对柱状图进行填充处理,应用起来非常方便。     

Principal Modes of Summertime Zonal-Mean Flow and Their Connections with the AO and ENSO

The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data have been employed to diagnose variations of the zonal mean flow in boreal summer. Two leading EOF modes are found to dominate the spatial and temporal changes of the summertime zonal mean winds in the troposphere. EOF1 shows the distribution of zonal-mean flow anomalies with higher variance in the North Polar Region, whereas the EOF2 shows the distribution of zonal-mean flow anomalies with higher variance in tropical and extra-tropical regions. The EOF1 and EOF2 have respectively the periodicities similar to those of AO and ENSO. Significant lag correlations have been found between EOF1 and ENSO, and between EOF2 and AO, in the seasons including spring, autumn, and winter. However, no significant correlations have been found between EOF1 in summer and ENSO in any other seasons, and between EOF2 in summer and AO in other seasons, no matter how big the lag that represents number of seasons has been set. These results suggest that the principal modes of summertime zonal mean flow could be statistically separated from each other. Hence, EOF1 and EOF2 are physically related to the AO and ENSO respectively. A theory called quasi-geostrophic non-acceleration theorem has been used to partly explain the possible mechanisms of the maintenance of the two principal modes. The composite differences of the divergence of Eliassen-Palm flux （E-P flux） between positive and negative years as obtained from the time series of EOF1 and EOF2 display the distributions that contribute to the zonal mean wind anomalies represented by EOF1 and EOF2, respectively. The planetary other than the synoptic waves dominate the behaviors of the E-P fluxes, suggesting the crucial role of the planetary waves in the maintenance of the zonal mean flow anomalies. The residual circulation as well as the friction, which cancel the divergence of the E-P flux, also play an important role in some places. These results are very helpful for our better understanding how the anomalous zonal mean flows maintain and how the ENSO and AO influence the global climate variations.     

Modulation of the Arctic Oscillation and the East Asian winter climate relationships by the 11-year solar cycle

The modulation of the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the East Asian winter climate by the 11-year solar cycle was investigated.During winters with high solar activity (HS),robust ...     

耦合模式对冬春季节南、北极涛动的季节气候预测能力研究

研究评估了耦合气候模式对冬、春季北极涛动(AO)和南极涛动(AAO)的预测效能。结果表明,模式对于北极涛动和南极涛动的模拟能力都是比较强的,其中,对冬季的模拟能力要强于春季。冬季,几乎所有的模式都能很好地模拟出对流层内北极涛动的空间分布形态特点,空间相关系数很高。春季,大部分模式的模拟结果仍然是比较好,与再分析资料结果的空间相关性比较高。对于南极涛动,模式在全年对流层各个层次上都能比较好地刻画其空间分布,且模式在850hPa等压面上的空间模拟效能要稍强于海平面。相对来说,冬季的模拟效果也稍强于其他季节,但是,差异不显著,模式与模式的差别也比较小。另外,模式对于北极涛动和南极涛动的时间序列模拟能力有限,时间序列相关系数只有少数几个模式达到显著性水平。     

A NORTHERN HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE AS THE COMBINATION OF THE NAO AND THE PNA

This paper demonstrates that an annular mode can be constructed from the combination of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Pacific/North American (PNA) patterns. The quasi-annularity, meridional dipole and vertical barotropy of the constructed annular mode resemble those of the Atlantic Oscillation (AO) pattern. It is also a dominant mode in terms of the variance contribution. Moreover, its temporal correlation with the AO is quite strong. This new annular mode has the advantage over the AO in that it incorporates a large portion of the PNA and makes the center of action in the Pacific stronger and more physically relevant than that of the AO. Or, more generally, it may be regarded as a physical mode unlike the AO. The results of this study also indicate the NAO–PNA perspective contains most of the information of the AO, whereas the AO perspective only contains about half of the information of the NAO-PNA. Consequently, the NAO–PNA perspective is regarded by the authors to be more comprehensive than that of the AO.