Mapping impervious surfaces with the integrated use of Landsat Thematic Mapper and radar data: A case study in an urban–rural landscape in the Brazilian Amazon

This research explored the integrated use of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and radar (i.e., ALOS PALSAR L-band and RADARSAT-2 C-band) data for mapping impervious surface distribution to examine the roles of radar data with different spatial resolutions and wavelengths. The wavelet-merging technique was used to merge TM and radar data to generate a new dataset. A constrained least-squares solution was used to unmix TM multispectral data and multisensor fusion images to four fraction images (high-albedo, low-albedo, vegetation, and soil). The impervious surface image was then extracted from the high-albedo and low-albedo fraction images. QuickBird imagery was used to develop an impervious surface image for use as reference data to evaluate the results from TM and fusion images. This research indicated that increasing spatial resolution by multisensor fusion improved spatial patterns of impervious surface distribution, but cannot significantly improve the statistical area accuracy. This research also indicated that the fusion image with 10-m spatial resolution was suitable for mapping impervious surface spatial distribution, but TM multispectral image with 30 m was too coarse in a complex urban–rural landscape. On the other hand, this research showed that no significant difference in improving impervious surface mapping performance by using either PALSAR L-band or RADARSAT C-band data with the same spatial resolution when they were used for multi-sensor fusion with the wavelet-based method.     

Inflation along Kilauea's Southwest Rift Zone in 2006

We report on InSAR and GPS results showing the first crustal inflation along the southwest rift zone at Kilauea volcano in over 20 years. Two independent interferograms (May 2–August 2, 2006 and June 22–Nov 7, 2006) from the ALOS PALSAR instrument reveal domal uplift located southwest of the main caldera. The uplift is bounded on the northeast by the caldera and follows the southwest rift zone for about 12 km. It is approximately 8 km wide. We use data derived from permanent GPS stations to calibrate the InSAR displacement data and estimate uplift of 7.7 cm during the first interferogram and 8.9 cm during the second with line-of-sight volumes of 2.8 × 10⁶ m³ and 3.0 × 10⁶ m³ respectively. The earthquake record for the periods before, during, and after inflation shows that a swarm of shallow earthquakes (z < 5 km) signaled the beginning of the uplift and that elevated levels of shallow seismicity along the rift zones occurred throughout the uplift period. GPS data indicate that the inflation occurred steadily over nine months between mid-January and mid-October, 2006 making injection of a sill unlikely. We attribute the inflation to recharge of a shallow ductile area under the SWRZ.     

基于双频多极化数据的农作物后向散射特性模拟分析及类型识别

以北京昌平地区为研究区域,获取了2007年该试验区C波段ENVISAT/ASAR数据和L波段ALOS/PALSAR数据,并提取了地物的后向散射系数。首先,利用MIMICS模型对该地区的春玉米、夏玉米和果木的后向散射特性进行模拟和分析;然后,将模拟结果同雷达实际观测数据进行对比;最后,利用不同作物之间的后向散射系数数值大小关系,建立分类二叉树,很好地区分了春玉米和夏玉米,总分类精度达86.66%。研究结果表明:双频多极化雷达数据能够提供有利于作物类型识别的多方面信息,对农作物遥感具有较大的优势和潜力。     

Structural Mapping of the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone Using PALSAR Remote Sensing Data,Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Sediment‐hosted/Orogenic Gold Mineral Systems Exploration

The Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) of Peninsular Malaysia is one of the major structural zones in Sundaland, Southeast Asia. It forms the boundary between the Gondwana‐derived Sibumasu terrane in the west and Sukhothai Arc in the east. The BRSZ is genetically related to the sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits associated with the major lineaments in the Central Gold Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. In this investigation, the Phased Array type L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) satellite remote sensing data were used to map major geological structures in Peninsular Malaysia and provide detailed characterization of lineaments and curvilinear structures in the BRSZ, as well as their implication for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold exploration in tropical environments. Major structural lineaments such as the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) and Lebir Fault Zone, ductile deformation related to crustal shortening, brittle disjunctive structures (faults and fractures) and collisional mountain range (Main Range granites) were detected and mapped at regional scale using PALSAR ScanSAR data. The major geological structure directions of the BRSZ were N–S, NNE–SSW, NE–SW and NW–SE, which derived from directional filtering analysis to PALSAR fine and polarimetric data. The pervasive array of N–S faults in the Central Gold Belt and surrounding terrain is mainly linked to the N–S trending of the Suture Zone. N–S striking lineaments are often cut by younger NE–SW and NW–SE‐trending lineaments. Gold mineralized trend lineaments are associated with the intersection of N–S, NE–SW, NNW–SSE and ESE–WNW faults and curvilinear features in shearing and alteration zones. Compressional tectonic structures such as the NW–SE trending thrust, ENE–WSW oriented faults in mylonite and phyllite, recumbent folds and asymmetric anticlines in argillite are high potential zones for gold prospecting in the Central Gold Belt. Three generations of folding events in Peninsular Malaysia have been recognized from remote sensing structural interpretation. Consequently, PALSAR satellite remote sensing data is a useful tool for mapping major geological structural features and detailed structural analysis of fault systems and deformation areas with high potential for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits and polymetallic vein‐type mineralization along margins of Precambrian blocks, especially for inaccessible regions in tropical environments.     

Timber production assessment of a plantation forest: An integrated framework with field-based inventory,multi-source remote sensing data and forest management history

Timber production is the purpose for managing plantation forests, and its spatial and quantitative information is critical for advising management strategies. Previous studies have focused on growing stock volume (GSV), which represents the current potential of timber production, yet few studies have investigated historical process-harvested timber. This resulted in a gap in a synthetical ecosystem service assessment of timber production. In this paper, we established a Management Process–based Timber production (MPT) framework to integrate the current GSV and the harvested timber derived from historical logging regimes, trying to synthetically assess timber production for a historical period. In the MPT framework, age-class and current GSV determine the times of historical thinning and the corresponding harvested timber, by using a “space-for-time” substitution. The total timber production can be estimated by the historical harvested timber in each thinning and the current GSV. To test this MPT framework, an empirical study on a larch plantation (LP) with area of 43,946 ha was conducted in North China for a period from 1962 to 2010. Field-based inventory data was integrated with ALOS PALSAR (Advanced Land-Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) and Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) data for estimating the age-class and current GSV of LP. The random forest model with PALSAR backscatter intensity channels and OLI bands as input predictive variables yielded an accuracy of 67.9% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.59 for age-class classification. The regression model using PALSAR data produced a root mean square error (RMSE) of 36.5 m³ ha⁻¹. The total timber production of LP was estimated to be 7.27 × 10⁶ m³, with 4.87 × 10⁶ m³ in current GSV and 2.40 × 10⁶ m³ in harvested timber through historical thinning. The historical process-harvested timber accounts to 33.0% of the total timber production, which component has been neglected in the assessments for current status of plantation forests. Synthetically considering the RMSE for predictive GSV and misclassification of age-class, the error in timber production were supposed to range from −55.2 to 56.3 m³ ha⁻¹. The MPT framework can be used to assess timber production of other tree species at a larger spatial scale, providing crucial information for a better understanding of forest ecosystem service.     

ALOS卫星图像分析与预处理实证研究

通过实证研究的方法对高分辨率ALOS卫星数据进行质量分析,结合ALOS数据特点,提出了ALOS原始影像数据的预处理方法和处理流程。研究结果表明： ALOS数据预处理工作量较大,且预处理方法要求较为严格,因此,在开展大规模、大范围、大区域、大精度、短周期的图件更新、动态监测等应用时,应考虑将ALOS卫星图像与其它卫星图像结合使用。     

基于光谱和纹理特征的ALOS影像土地利用信息提取

针对高分辨率遥感影像易于反映地物纹理特征的特点,综合利用地物的光谱和纹理特征进行分类,探讨适用于ALOS影像的土地利用信息提取方法。以川东丘陵地区影像为例,基于GLCM提取纹理信息,将提取的纹理特征向量采用赋权值法融合为一个综合纹理信息波段,然后采用面向对象法将其与光谱特征信息共同参与分类。与最大似然法的提取结果对比表明,考虑了纹理特征的面向对象分类方法能明显提高分类精度,Kappa精度提高了0.12;避免了椒盐现象,分割的地类边界具有更好的语义表达,更贴合地物实际分布特征;建筑用地和林地具有明显的纹理特征,而旱地纹理特征不明显。该方法不仅分出了6个基本地物类型,而且对于林地、建筑用地等类型还能进一步细分。     

超像素在多极化SAR数据分类中的应用——以ALOS PALSAR为例

针对已提出的极化合成孔径雷达数据地物分类方法较难同时获得地物边界及相邻信息的问题，并为了减少图像处理的消耗时间，本文引入一种超像素生成算法——线性迭代聚类方法，对日本先进对地观测卫星多极化SAR数据进行地物分类研究。本文以四川省彭州市与什邡市交界地区为研究区，先采用Pauli分解生成RGB假彩色图像并进行滤波，再以此为基础使用线性迭代聚类方法生成超像素，最后用支持向量机分类方法，合理选取极化熵、各向异性度及平均散射角等极化特征组合在一起作为分类参数，对基于像素超像素的极化SAR图像的分类结果进行对比分析。使用超像素比其他基于像素的分类方法能够获得更好的结果，基于超像素分类的总体精度为95.23%，Kappa系数为92.58%。     

ALOS数据像素级融合方法比较研究

遥感数据融合是多源遥感海量数据富集表示的有效途径。如何在提高融合影像空间分辨率的同时最大限度地保持光谱信息是长期以来遥感数据融合研究的焦点内容。本文以ALOS PRISM和ALOS AVNIR-2传感器的数据为数据源,比较研究了遥感领域中常用和代表性的BROVEY、IHS、MULTIPLICATIVE、PCA、WAVELET和HPF六种融合方法,并通过主观评价和定量分析对融合效果进行了综合评价。实验结果表明,HPF方法在显著提高融合影像空间分辨率的同时,有效保持了多光谱影像的光谱信息,是适合ALOS数据的最优融合方法。