隧道地震响应数值模拟研究

在进行隧道地震响应的数值模拟研究时, 横向计算范围和人工边界等对计算结果有很大的影响。本文以黄草坪隧道为研究对象, 应用有限差分程序FLAC3D对其进行地震响应的数值模拟研究, 将横向计算范围分别取为隧道洞径的5倍、6倍、7倍、8倍、9倍和10倍, 并分别采用FLAC3D中的截断边界、自由场地边界和粘性边界进行计算。研究结果表明, 当地震波为P波时, 横向计算范围取为洞径的7至8倍, 人工边界采用自由场地边界或粘性边界是比较合理的。      

南海北部叶绿素a浓度遥感反演算法评估与COCTS反演算法构建

本文利用2018年9—10月和2020年7—8月在南海北部海域获取的叶绿素a浓度和遥感反射率现场实测数据,对3种叶绿素a浓度标准算法（OC2v4、OC3M和OC4v4）及3种区域算法（OC4v4＿TP、OC2＿X、INOC3）进行了模型精度评估;根据我国自主海洋水色卫星（HY-1C和HY-1D卫星）搭载的水色水温扫描仪（COCTS）的波段设置,构建了适用于我国南海北部海域的两波段、三波段、四波段和五波段比值的叶绿素a浓度反演算法。研究结果表明：标准算法的反演精度优于区域算法;针对HY-1C和HY-1D卫星构建的五波段比值OC5＿C算法反演精度较标准算法反演精度有很大提高,叶绿素a浓度反演值与实测值的平均绝对误差为0.08μg/L,平均相对误差为21.36%,可为我国海洋水色卫星遥感数据在南海及同类水体的定量化应用提供算法支撑。     

MAPGIS与AUTOCAD间数据转换在数字化制图中的应用

文章主要论述了MAPGIS和AUTOCAD之间数据如何转换,以及数据转换在数字化地质制图应用中的方法、操作步骤和应注意的问题.     

滇中地区的岩石圈结构及其动力学意义

虽然地球化学和地质学的研究确信峨眉山大火成岩省的形成与二叠纪地幔柱活动有关,但从二叠纪至今,峨眉山大火成岩省所在的华南板块至少向北漂移了3000 km,以致大火成岩省与地幔柱的空间位置不再对应．本研究使用川滇地区75个宽频固定台记录的远震事件计算P、S波接收函数,并利用参考地球模型把单个接收函数从时间域变换到深度域,最后从叠加道上读取地壳厚度和岩石圈厚度．结果表明,Moho面深度从云南南部的33 km向北逐渐增厚,在青藏高原东部可达约66km,滇中地区地壳厚度变化剧烈,在攀枝花附近明显增厚．在金沙江—红河断裂西侧的印支块体下方,岩石圈厚度仅为70～80km,但在滇中地区从约70 km变化约到120 km,最薄处发生于攀枝花附近,仅约为70 km．另外,滇中地区部分台站的S波接收函数显示Moho面的Sp转换相一致性较差,而P波接收函数则表明在Moho面附近存在一个正极性的转换界面．综合已有的研究结果,我们推测Moho面附近这一正极性界面是地幔柱岩浆底侵的结果．     

Understanding the dynamical-microphysical-electrical processes associated with severe thunderstorms over the Beijing metropolitan region

The Dynamical-microphysical-electrical Processes in Severe Thunderstorms and Lightning Hazards(STORM973)project conducted coordinated comprehensive field observations of thunderstorms in the Beijing metropolitan region(BMR)during the warm season from 2014 to 2018.The aim of the project was to understand how dynamical,microphysical and electrical processes interact in severe thunderstorms in the BMR,and how to assimilate lightning data in numerical weather prediction models to improve severe thunderstorm forecasts.The platforms used in the field campaign included the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET,consisting of 16 stations),2 X-band dual linear polarimetric Doppler radars,and 4 laser raindrop spectrometers.The collaboration also made use of the China Meteorological Administration’s mesoscale meteorological observation network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Although diverse thunderstorm types were documented,it was found that squall lines and multicell storms were the two major categories of severe thunderstorms with frequent lightning activity and extreme rainfall or unexpected local short-duration heavy rainfall resulting in inundations in the central urban area,influenced by the terrain and environmental conditions.The flash density maximums were found in eastern Changping District,central and eastern Shunyi District,and the central urban area of Beijing,suggesting that the urban heat island effect has a crucial role in the intensification of thunderstorms over Beijing.In addition,the flash rate associated with super thunderstorms can reach hundreds of flashes per minute in the central city regions.The super(5%of the total),strong(35%),and weak(60%)thunderstorms contributed about 37%,56%,and 7%to the total flashes in the BMR,respectively.Owing to the close connection between lightning activity and the thermodynamic and microphysical characteristics of the thunderstorms,the lightning flash rate can be used as an indicator of severe weather events,such as hail and short-duration heavy rainfall.Lightning data can also be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to help improve the forecasting of severe convection and precipitation at the cloud-resolved scale,through adjusting or correcting the thermodynamic and microphysical parameters of the model.     

固体矿产地质勘查新规范的主要特点是什么?

自1999年以来,固体矿产地质勘查规范进行了重大的改革,出台了一系列重新修订的规范,其中包括《固体矿产资源/储量分类》(GB/T17766-1999)(以下简称《分类》)、《固体矿产地质勘查规范总则》(GB/T13908-2002)(以下简称《总则》)和《铀矿地质勘查规范》等19个矿种(类)的行业规范(以下简称《规范》)。这些新规范的出台,对推动地质工作面向国内外两个市场、两种资源,起到了桥梁和纽带的作用。但是,由于地质科学是一个探索性很强、理论和实践结合得相当紧密的科学,地质条件的千变万化,导致了地质工作的多解性、复杂性和艰巨性。因此,任何地质勘查规范只能是在某一个地质理论发展的阶段内,做出原则性的规定,对某种矿产的地质工作的控制程度和研究程度也只能是做出最低限度的要求。因此,我们切不可犯形式主义、主观主义的错误,在全国范围内,对每一种矿种、每一个矿床都无一例外地、百分之百地机械套用。执行新的地质勘查规范,一定要实事求是,按照客观的地质规律、因地制宜地办事。     

基于FLOW-3D的泥石流龙头运动过程模拟研究

由于2020年10月3日四川省阿坝州理县米亚罗镇突发暴雨,二经里沟暴发了泥石流,损坏沟口的高速公路,并堵塞河道。为了探索泥石流龙头运动特征,选取二经里沟为研究对象,通过调查分析得到泥石流物源分布及规模、沟道形态等特征,采用FLOW-3D数值模拟方法对该泥石流的运动特征进行分析。依据泥石流运动过程的不同特征,将全过程划分为物源汇集、运动特征突变、持续发展、泥沙堆积4个阶段,经验证模拟精度达88.98%。结合泥石流流动速度和堆积深度计算其强度指数,将其划分为4个等级并绘制强度分布图,其中极高强度区占2.4%,高强度区占5.1%,中强度区占13.6%,低强度区占78.9%。并通过三维建模在沟道拟设拦挡坝,模拟分析其对泥石流的减灾效果,为今后防治工程的修建提供科学依据。     

河流相沉积的河型转换特征与控制因素及其油气地质意义 ——以南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman地区坳陷期Jimidi组为例

河流相砂体是陆相含油气盆地的重要储层类型,其河型的时空转换不仅是研究盆地演化的直接证据,更是精准评价与预测油气储层的核心内容,已成为近年来国内外沉积研究的热点之一.以Melut盆地Ruman地区坳陷期Jimidi组为例,通过开展层序划分、岩相类型与岩相组合分析、高分辨率储层反演、以及砂体平面展布分析,结果表明:1)坳陷...     

珠一坳陷始新世文昌组沉积期构造转换对源‒汇体系的控制

珠江口盆地珠一坳陷在中始新世裂陷期文昌组沉积早、晚期之间存在明显的构造转换,该构造事件对古近系源?汇体系的形成和演变有重大影响.基于研究区地震、钻井、测井等资料的综合分析,本文认为构造转换控制了裂陷期源?汇体系的盆山地貌、物源供给、搬运方向及沉积样式等基本要素,并影响深层古近系储层条件.而且在构造转换的制约下,研究区发...     

Behavior of braced wall embedded in saturated liquefiable sand under seismic loading

It is well known that the generation of excess pore water pressure and/or liquefaction in foundation soils during an earthquake often cause structural failures.This paper describes the behavior of a small-scale braced wall embedded in saturated liquefiable sand under dynamic condition.Shake table tests are performed in the laboratory on embedded retaining walls with single bracing.The tests are conducted for different excavation depths and base motions.The influences of the peak magnitude of the ground motions and the excavation depth on the axial forces in the bracing,the lateral displacement and the bending moments in the braced walls are studied.The shake table tests are simulated numerically using FLAC 2D and the results are compared with the corresponding experimental results.The pore water pressures developed in the soil are found to influence the behavior of the braced wall structures during a dynamic event.It is found that the excess pore water pressure development in the soil below the excavation is higher compared to the soil beside the walls.Thus,the soil below the excavation level is more susceptible to the liquefaction compared to the soil beside the walls.