浅谈“3S”技术在防灾减灾中的应用

通过描述传统测绘地形图在防灾减灾中的特殊作用及局限性,进而介绍了现代测绘高科技“3S”技术在灾害防治中的应用前景及其优越性。     

库水位下降条件下和平广场滑坡稳定性分析

首先介绍了和平广场滑坡体的地质条件,然后用FLAC3D建立了三维计算模型,对现状条件下及三峡水库库水位下降时的地下水进行了计算,并对滑坡的稳定性进行了分析,得出了不同工况滑坡体应力场分布规律及塑性区分布范围.结果表明:在现状条件下,滑坡体总体上处于稳定状态,但在滑坡体后部及中前部基岩面较陡区域附近出现一定程度的塑性区;三峡水库的运营不会危及滑坡整体的稳定性,但在库水位下降的过程中,由于滑坡体前部基岩面较陡,地下水的渗透压力增大,导致下滑力增大,从而可能使其前缘局部地段产生破坏.     

三维可视化技术在锡铁山矿区信息化建设中的应用研究

运用Vulcan三维可视化软件,对锡铁山铅-锌矿区3062m中段以下05-75线之间的主要矿体进行三维可视化研究,全方位、真实地表达近年来的地质勘探成果,并通过储量计算与找矿预测,为下一步地质勘探工作提供科学依据,为矿区信息化建设提供基础资料。     

Delft3D在鳌江口外平阳咀海域流场模拟中的应用

Dem3D是以FLOW水动力模块为主体，建立在Navier-Stokes方程的基础上，由一系列模块组成的模型软件，可以对水流、波浪、泥沙、水质、地貌等建立二、三维模型。本文介绍了Delft3D数值模拟软件的程序模块及数值理论基本方程．对鳌江口外平阳咀海域的流场进行了模拟研究。研究表明：计算结果与实测结果吻合较好，能够较好地反映该海区真实的流场情况．可以为工程研究提供基本的流场背景。     

山东长岛黄土沉积物的磁性与碳酸盐特征及其环境意义初探

通过对长岛沉积物采样和磁性测试,分析和讨论了长岛黄土沉积物的磁性特征:该剖面磁性矿物的含量并不是很高,且以亚铁磁性矿物为主,磁性矿物的粒度主要以细粒为主,亚铁磁性矿物的变化在沉积物磁性变化中占主导地位.通过对沉积物磁性特征和碳酸盐特征的对比发现:该剖面沉积物磁化率和碳酸盐具有很好的对应关系,并且明显表现出4个阶段的主要变化,对应了暖湿和冷干的气候旋回.根据沉积物的磁化率与古气候环境的内在联系,结合碳酸盐含量变化情况,对该地区风成沉积物的物源变迁及环境演变也进行了初步探讨和分析.     

基于3S技术和USLE的深圳市茜坑水库流域土壤侵蚀强度预测研究

基于RS、GPS和GIS(3S技术)的集成提出了USLE 6大因子的算法,在建立的专题地理信息数据库基础上,运用USLE对深圳市茜坑水库流域的土壤侵蚀强度进行预测和估算.结果表明:整个流域90.5%的区域土壤流失强度为中度以下,强度侵蚀以上的区域虽然仅占整个流域面积的9.5%,但是年土壤侵蚀量达到了整个流域土壤侵蚀量的49.4%.流域土壤侵蚀强度和植被覆盖情况明显相关,茜坑水库流域的东北山区部分是整个流域的严重侵蚀区.研究证明:在3S技术集成支持下,采用USLE对流域的土壤流失强度进行预测和估算的方法具有直观、方便、快捷的优点,成果能充分满足小流域水土保持工作的需要.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE MIXING OF UNSORTED SEDIMENT PARTICLES DISCHARGED INTO A CROSS-FLOW BY MULTIPHASE PARTICLE-IN-CELL （MP-PIC） METHOD

The mixing characteristics of dredged sediments of variable size discharged into cross-flow are studied by an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model has been developed by using the modified k-ε parameterization for the turbulence in fluid phase/water and a Lagrangian method for the solid phase/sediments. In the model the wake turbulence induced by sediments has been included as additional source and sink terms in the k-ε model; and the trajectories of the sediments are tracked by the Lagrangian method in which the sediment drift velocities in cross-flow are computed by a multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method and the diffusion process is approximated by a random walk model. The hydrodynamic behavior of dumped sediment cloud is governed by the total buoyancy on the cloud, the drag force on each particle and velocity of cross-flow. The cross-flow destroys more or less the double vortices occurred in stagnant ambience and dominates the longitudinal movement of sediment cloud. The computed results suggest satisfactory agreement by comparison with the experimental results of laboratory.     

The effect of interpolation methods in surface definition: an experimental study

Mappings of the earth surface and their representation in 3D (three‐dimensional) models are commonly used in most recent research. Modeling research, which starts with classical surveying methods, acquires new dimensions matching the modern technologies. 3D models of any object or earth surface can be used in much visual and scientific research. A digital model of the landscape is an important part within creation of geo‐information systems used in the public administration and in the commercial sphere. It is an important tool in applications such as geomorphology, hydrology, geology, cartography, ecology, mining etc. Values of volume in terrains that do not have regular geometric structure can be obtained more accurately by using 3D models of surfaces with respect to developing technology. Basic data of 3D models must indicate 3D coordinates of the surveyed object in the reference frame. Distribution and intensity of points are important factors in modeling earth surfaces. A minimum number of points is desired in defining an object in 3D. Interpolation methods employing different mathematical models are used to obtain 3D models of terrain surfaces. In this study, the effect of interpolation methods in defining a terrain surface is investigated. For this purpose, a uniform surface, hill‐shaped artificial object with a known volume is employed. The 3D surface and volume are calculated by using 12 different interpolation methods. Point distribution, point intensity and accuracy of point measurements are not considered. The same data set was used for all the interpolation methods. The interpolation methods are compared and evaluated based on the results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ACTIVE system for monitoring volcanic activity: A case study of the Izu-Oshima Volcano,Central Japan

A system is proposed for the monitoring of changes in the underground structure of an active volcano over time by applying a transient electromagnetic method. The monitoring system is named ACTIVE, which stands for Array of Controlled Transient-electromagnetics for Imaging Volcano Edifice. The system consists of a transmitter dipole used to generate a controlled transient electromagnetic (EM) field and an array of receivers used to measure the vertical component of the transient magnetic field at various distances, with automatic operation of both units. In order to verify the performance of the proposed system, numerical and field experiments were carried out by application of the system to the Izu-Oshima volcano, where a remarkable change in the apparent DC resistivity over time had been detected in association with the eruption in 1986.     

基于3DSMAX环境的3维场景重建工具

介绍了3DSMAX中利用DEM和数字正射影像重建真实3维场景的方法，通过MAXScript和VC混合编程，在3DSMAX4.0环境中构建了一个3维环境重建工具，利用该工具可以导入Leica/HelavaDPW数字投影测量工作站采集的DEM数据和建筑物数据，自动生成地形模型和建筑物模型，重建真实的3维场景，该工具支持DXF、DSW等通用CAD数据的输入，并可以把场景数据输出为虚拟现实造型语言（VRML）文件。