四川九寨黄龙机场高填方地基变形三维动力分析

四川九寨黄龙机场具有高填方、高地震烈度、高海拔等三高的特点,高填方体地基在地震作用下的动力稳定与变形问题成为该机场需着重考虑的主要工程地质问题之一。在对目前各种动力分析方法研究的基础上,选用快速拉格郎日差分分析(FLAC)程序,对该机场元山子沟段高填方地基在地震作用下的变形规律进行了系统地研究,获得了一些有实际意义的认识。     

微分算子展开与耦合势三维有限体积法快速计算随钻超深前视电阻率测井响应非线性Born逼近

本文将非均质各向异性地层中电磁场耦合势Helmhotz方程分解为各向异性背景场方程与散射场方程,并应用算子展开技术推导出耦合势Born级数解,建立一套三维非均质各向异性地层中随钻超深前视电阻率测井响应各阶散射电磁场与非线性Born逼近的有效计算方法.首先,利用传输线法与二维插值技术确定背景电磁场空间分布,得到零阶Born逼近解,然后根据电磁场耦合势的Born级数解推导出各阶散射电磁场方程与递推关系,通过三维有限体积法实现各阶散射场耦合势方程的离散,在此基础上结合MKL PARDISO并行技术,通过递推方式逐步计算各阶散射电磁场,并根据Born级数部分和确定不同阶次的非线性Born逼近.最后利用数值模拟结果对正演算法加以检验,并深入研究分析各阶散射场的变化特征与Born级数的收敛性质.

     

A 3D multi-threshold,region-growing algorithm for identifying dust storm features from model simulations

Dust storms cause significant damage to health, property, and the environment worldwide every year. To help mitigate the damage, dust forecast models simulate and predict upcoming dust events, providing valuable information to scientists, decision makers, and the public. These simulation outputs are in four-dimensions (i.e., latitude, longitude, elevation, and time) and represent spatially heterogeneous dust storm features and their evolution over space and time. This research investigates and proposes an automatic multi-threshold, region-growing-based algorithm to identify critical dust storm features from 3D dust storm simulations. A multi-threshold scheme is defined for the identification of dust storm features with different dust concentrations. Based on the multi-thresholds, dust storm features are iteratively identified by developing a region-growing algorithm that splits a clustered dust storm feature into multiple sub-features. The proposed approach is compared with three commonly used methods in image processing and thunderstorm identification. The proposed approach outperforms the other three methods in sensitivity and quantitative/qualitative accuracy. This research approach may also be slightly adjusted to identify critical 3D features from simulation outputs for other severe weather and geographical phenomena.     

Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics between introduced and indigenous mangrove species in China

Due to its rapid growth, the introduced mangrove species Sonneratia apetala from Bangladesh has been widely used in mangrove restoration in southeastern China since 1985. As an indigenous mangrove species in Hainan, China, Sonneratia caseolaris was also planted in Guangdong Province for afforestation purposes. Both species have developed well in their new habitats, but their ecophysiological differences with the native mangrove species have not been studied. In this study, leaf gas exchange, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of two Sonneratia species were compared with those of selected native mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel, and Excoecaria agallocha) in Hainan and Shenzhen. The introduced S. apetala maintained lower carbon assimilation rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than the indigenous S. caseolaris. In Shenzhen, the two introduced Sonneratia had comparable photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency (WUE) with the native mangrove species, except that PNUE in S. caseolaris was significantly higher than in the native mangrove species. The two Sonneratia species showed significant overlap in PNUE and long-term WUE. Photosynthetic parameters derived from leaf photosynthetic light–response curves and A–C_i curves also suggested lower carbon assimilation capacities for the introduced Sonneratia than for the native mangrove species in both study sites. The lower light compensation point (LCP) of two introduced Sonneratia in both study sites also indicated a better adaptation to a low light regime than the native mangrove species. The results of photosynthetic capacities indicated that the introduced mangrove species have little competitive advantage over local native mangrove species in their respective new habitats.     

地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元数值模拟

为探讨用数值方法模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的途径,从线性流变体介质内制约质点运动的运动方程出发,导出了模拟地震孕育、发生、发展动态过程的三维有限元方程及程序。还给出了模拟进程中地震孕育、发生、发展过程的约束条件,使得可以用同一个程序完整地模拟地震孕育、发生、发展的全过程,为地震过程本质的认识以及物理预报的实现提供了一个潜在的新手段。     

地球重力场、重力、重力梯度在三维直角坐标系中的表达式

现代卫星重力测量主要利用星载GPS接收机、加速度计、星载测距仪等来确定重力卫星的轨道,削弱非保守力的干扰,由此根据卫星的位置、速度及其变率来确定地球重力场。而上述GPS等星载仪器所提供的数据,包括卫星轨道坐标及其速率、扰动加速度、星间距离及其变率,都是以三维直角坐标(x,y,z)的形式表示的,因此,地球重力场、重力和重力梯度在三维直角坐标系中的表达式在卫星重力解算中具有实际意义。     

城市轨道交通盾构隧道病害空间分布特征量化研究

随着地铁的不断建设与投入使用,我国正在逐步进入地铁运营养护期,地铁病害检测与运营养护也逐渐得到重视。随着地铁运营年限的增加,病害也呈现加重趋势。通过三维激光扫描技术获取隧道病害全面信息,利用空间自相关性分析地铁隧道病害的地理空间分布特征,对于认识病害形成机理,防治病害具有重要意义。本文以某地铁隧道通过三维激光扫描所获得的水平收敛数据为基础,利用空间自相关分析法定量分析了病害在地理空间上的分布特征,以及与周边水文地质环境的关系。结果表明,隧道病害在地理空间分布上呈现显著的空间正相关与空间集聚特性,且病害严重区与隧道周边水文地质环境密切相关。本文结果为隧道病害地理空间分布特征研究、认识病害分布规律及后期病害治理提供了有效依据。     

顾及语义的室内三维模型数据组织与可视化

本文提出了一种顾及语义的"实体-区域-入口"数据组织机制,有效整合了现有的城市三维地理空间数据与建筑物室内精细模型数据,实现了高效的室内场景数据调度与可视化;并基于此构建了三维可视化系统,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

利用资源三号影像动态监测矿区环境复绿研究

选择以原地形依台阶式开采方式为主的稀土矿区为研究对象,利用国产资源三号卫星影像为主要的数据源,动态监测矿区环境复绿变化情况.首先,采用同名点自动匹配纠正影像后进行融合处理,再利用正射影像纠正技术校正融合后的影像数据;其次,采用绿色波段占0.7,近红外波段占0.3的比例合成新的绿色波段,再将新合成的绿色波段与正射纠正的影像进行波段重组处理;最后,采用面向对象的方法提取各个影像的绿地信息,精度验证通过后,将提取成果进行叠加分析,统计变化情况.研究成果表明,矿区2014年复绿成效比2013年明显,矿区复绿面积占56.35％,恢复植被任务仍需继续完成.     

矿山三维地质模型及数字化仿真

针对传统的地质建模中数据源的复杂性及工程、地质现象差异等困难,该文提出多元、多方法集成和多层次干预的建模思路,采用三维激光扫描技术构建矿山整体三维模型。依托ArcGIS桌面系统、GoCAD、Flac3D等软件模拟滑坡动态、岩层分布等信息。通过空间分析和数值模拟揭示其潜在信息和规律,有效地实现了数据库、三维模型、数值模拟的一致性,为数字矿山开发、建设提供一条新思路。