假3°带坐标系及关于大城市坐标系的建议

现时许多地方和工程坐标系在坐标数值和方位上与国家标准3°带里的偏差很大,使得其地形图无法与国家标准3°带的对接,并导致工程实践中许多的麻烦和不便;许多地方坐标系有效带宽太小。本文通过一个简单的公式,一次完成控制网的换带、旋转、放大、平移,获得控制网的"假3°带坐标系"坐标。假3°带坐标系具有诸多优点:坐标数值和方位与国家标准3°带的偏差极小,地形图可与国家的对接;有效带宽极大;便于CORS系统流动站使用;做法简单,适用广泛,可用于全国绝大部分地方坐标系。文章还对大城市坐标系的建立提出了有益建议。     

基于无棱镜全站仪城市信息数据的获取

依据无棱镜全站仪的结构、功能和原理,结合现代信息数据获取需求,对其应用方法和技术进行了应用研究,提出了无棱镜全站仪的作业方法和应用领域。     

Tectono-metamorphic Events in the North Atlantic Region in the Palaeoproterozoic from the View Point of High-grade Metamorphic Rocks in the Lewisian Complex, South Harris, NW Scotland

The tectono-thermal history of the Lewisian Complex in South Harris (South Harris Complex) was inferred from its geologic and metamorphic characteristics. The lithological assemblages and geochemical features of the complex suggest that its precursory rocks were composed of the subduction-related accretionary complex formed in the palaeo convergent margin. The complex has suffered the ultra-high temperature (UHT) metamorphism that was contemporaneous with the igneous activity to make the South Harris Igneous Complex (SHIC) and the subsequent continent-continent collisional activity. A similar complex recording the geological processes of the subduction, the UHT metamorphism and the collision has been recognized in the Lapland-Kola belt and New Quebec in the Palaeoproterozoic. This suggests an assembly of micro-continents to form the Palaeoproterozoic supercontinent in the North Atlantic region.     

Collision of the Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta with the Burma Arc: Implications for earthquake hazard

We take a fresh look at the topography, structure and seismicity of the Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta (GBD)–Burma Arc collision zone in order to reevaluate the nature of the accretionary prism and its seismic potential. The GBD, the world's largest delta, has been built from sediments eroded from the Himalayan collision. These sediments prograded the continental margin of the Indian subcontinent by  400 km, forming a huge sediment pile that is now entering the Burma Arc subduction zone. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere with > 20 km sediment thickness is fueling the growth of an active accretionary prism exposed on land. The prism starts at an apex south of the GBD shelf edge at  18°N and widens northwards to form a broad triangle that may be up to 300 km wide at its northern limit. The front of the prism is blind, buried by the GBD sediments. Thus, the deformation front extends 100 km west of the surface fold belt beneath the Comilla Tract, which is uplifted by 3–4 m relative to the delta. This accretionary prism has the lowest surface slope of any active subduction zone. The gradient of the prism is only  0.1°, rising to  0.5° in the forearc region to the east. This low slope is consistent with the high level of overpressure found in the subsurface, and indicates a very weak detachment. Since its onset, the collision of the GBD and Burma Arc has expanded westward at  2 cm/yr, and propagated southwards at  5 cm/yr. Seismic hazard in the GBD is largely unknown. Intermediate-size earthquakes are associated with surface ruptures and fold growth in the external part of the prism. However, the possibility of large subduction ruptures has not been accounted for, and may be higher than generally believed. Although sediment-clogged systems are thought to not be able to sustain the stresses and strain-weakening behavior required for great earthquakes, some of the largest known earthquakes have occurred in heavily-sedimented subduction zones. A large earthquake in 1762 ruptured  250 km of the southern part of the GBD, suggesting large earthquakes are possible there. A large, but poorly documented earthquake in 1548 damaged population centers at the northern and southern ends of the onshore prism, and is the only known candidate for a rupture of the plate boundary along the subaerial part of the GBD–Burma Arc collision zone.     

Test method for single interior right angle in a corner cube prism

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角锥棱镜直角误差斜入射法检测的理论分析

以矢量形式的折射、反射定律为基础 ,详细推导了角锥棱镜直角误差δ与分划板自准直双像间距t之间的关系 ,提出了基于斜入射法、利用自准直平行光管直接测量角锥棱镜直角误差的光电检测系统 ,并进行了测量精度的理论分析。     

THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE WEST KUNLUN MOUNTAINS: A TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON STUDIES OF MAGMATISM

THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE WEST KUNLUN MOUNTAINS: A TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON STUDIES OF MAGMATISM     

基于GTP的地下工程与围岩一体化真三维空间构模

针对地下工程开挖体的基本特征及其真三维建模要求，在广义三棱柱(GTP)模型的基础上进行扩展，提出采用E—GTP模型来构建地下工程开挖体的真三维模型。通过与其围岩地质体的G—GTP模型的耦合，实现了基于GTP的工程开挖体与围岩地质体的一体化建模。该模型将地下三维空间实体抽象为点、线、面、体四类对象，通过结点、TIN边、侧边、TIN面、侧面和GTP体元共6个基本几何元素进行统一表达。该文重点讨论了E—GTP的建模原理与方法，并介绍了基于面向对象思想的一体化空间数据结构。     

土地整理中基于TIN结构的土方计算

分析了TIN在土地整理中的地面整平(切割面水平或有一定坡度)、河道(或水渠)开挖及筑堤中的土方量计算和水域容积中体积计算等方面的应用。阐述了利用TIN进行体积计算的原理,结合地面整平与河道开挖介绍了应用方法。     

LAMOST望远镜的大气色散校正

大气折射与大气色散会影响大视场多目标光纤光谱观测的质量和效率.一个焦距为20m,焦比为F5、位于北纬40.4°的LAMOST望远镜在中天和中天前后0.75小时产生的色散值,用模拟计算得到结果,并用数值计算得到验证.对校正色散可能用的几种色散棱镜进行了计算分析比较,确定了色散棱镜的型式,并分析了色散棱镜的二级光谱以及色散棱镜在望远镜跟踪过程中的残留色散,及色散棱镜的安装误差.