Component-based topological data model for three-dimensional geology modeling

On the study of the basic characteristics of geological objects and the special requirement for computing 3D geological model, this paper gives an object-oriented 3D topologic data model. In this model, the geological objects are divided into four object classes: point, line, area and volume. The volume class is further divided into four subclasses: the composite volume, the complex volume, the simple volume and the component. Twelve kinds of topological relations and the related data structures are designed for the geological objects.     

A rule-based parameter aided with object-based classification approach for extraction of building and roads from WorldView-2 images

Roads and buildings constitute a significant proportion of urban areas. Considerable amount of research has been done on the road and building extraction from remotely sensed imagery. However, a few of them have been concentrating on using only spectral information. This study presents a comparison between three object-based models for urban features’ classification, specifically roads and buildings, from WorldView-2 satellite imagery. The three applied algorithms are support vector machines (SVMs), nearest neighbour (NN) and proposed rule-based system. The results indicated that the proposed rules in this study, despite the spectral complexity of land cover types, performed a satisfactory output with an overall accuracy of 92.92%. The advantages offered by the proposed rules were not provided by other two applied algorithms and it revealed the highest accuracy compared to SVM and NN. The overall accuracy for SVM was 76.76%, which is almost similar to the result achieved by NN (77.3%).     

GPS/BDS组合系统伪距单点定位模型精度分析

合理确定观测值权阵对于应用GPS/BDS组合系统提高单点定位的精度和稳定性十分重要.文章对GPS/BDS常用的几种定权模型等权模型、高度角随机模型、基于Helmert验后方差估计模型、顾及PDOP值的定权模型等进行了实验与分析.结果表明:基于Helmert的定权方法精度最高,进一步对其观测值的分类根据高度角进行改进并利用PDOP值的选星思想后,模型精度再次提高.研究结果可以为提高GPS/BDS组合系统伪距单点定位的精度提供参考.     

利用机载LiDAR数据提取与分析地裂缝

机载激光扫描可获取植被茂密地区的数字地形模型(DTM),但将其用于茂密植被覆盖区地裂缝提取方法的研究还不多见。以湖南冷水江市浪石滩为试验区,基于机载Li DAR的激光点云数据,研究了植被覆盖区地裂缝的提取方法,分析了地裂缝的微地貌特征。首先对离散的三维激光点云数据依次进行基于不规则三角网滤波、高程滤波及回波信息强度滤波提取地面点,以保留完整的微地貌微特征;然后构建不规则三角网,反距离加权内插生成数字高程模型(DEM),提取地裂缝识别参数,同时基于最小曲率对地裂缝进行线性探测,提取地裂缝的长度信息,且利用地裂缝剖面信息分析其微特征,结合识别参数分析地裂缝的稳定性。研究结果表明:利用机载Li DAR点云数据提取的地裂缝识别参数,能够确定地裂缝的位置、坡度坡向、长度和深度信息,有助于判定地裂缝的稳定性;在植被较为茂密、地面点密度稀疏的区域,保留一定的低矮植被所提取到的DEM能更好地保留地裂缝的微地貌特征。     

MTSAT-2静止气象卫星中国区域雪盖监测

利用MTSAT-2静止气象卫星数据开展了中国区域的雪盖监测研究,结合MODIS雪盖产品及站点雪深观测数据对判识结果进行对比分析和验证。首先,根据MTSAT-2静止气象卫星数据特点,进行角度效应校正及多时相数据合成,以减少云对图像的影响;其次,根据多个雪盖判识因子建立中国区域雪盖判识算法;最后,对比分析2011年1月份MTSAT-2和MODIS雪盖判识结果,并使用站点观测数据进行精度验证。研究表明:(1)MTSAT-2雪盖判识受云影响比例约30%,MODIS雪盖产品受云影响比例约60%,MTSAT-2去云效果明显。(2)无云情况下,MTSAT-2雪盖判识和MODIS雪盖产品判识精度均高于92%;有云覆盖时,MTSAT-2判识精度约65%,优于MODIS雪盖产品35%的判识精度。(3)MTSAT-2静止气象卫星在保持高积雪判识精度的前提下,可以更有效减少云对雪盖判识影响,实时获取更多地表真实信息。该研究对中国区域雪盖信息准确监测、气候变化研究以及防灾减灾等具有重要意义。     

基于CAD平台开发的实现3DSMAX快速建模方法研究

简要介绍了如何基于CAD平台开发构面软件,实现3DSMAX快速建模,提出了一套完整的思路,总结了实现快速建模的技术路线,并用实例进行了验证,达到了预期的3维效果,为实现数字城市和数字乡镇的3维景观显示提供了切实可行的方法,起到了抛砖引玉的作用。     

一等水准点之记标准化与规范化研究

为保证一等水准点之记精度与质量,提高测绘人员野外工作效率,对目前的一等水准点之记进行了探讨与分析,指出了其详细位置图与点位,详细说明表达、标石断面图绘制和经纬度书写及交通路线描述中存在的缺点,并基于此提出了若干改进意见,这在一定程度上促进了一等水准点之记信息的标准化与规范化。     

基于VRML的层状地质体3维建模

为了形象地表现层状地质体形态,本文利用VRML在虚拟环境中建立了3维地质体。根据层状地质体的实际情况,本文利用VRML中的几何形体建模节点ElevationGrid和IndexedFaceSet创建了3维地质体的虚拟现实模型。该方法利用钻孔数据获取层面数据,使用Surfer软件进行数据插值,得到网格化数据文件,用网格化文件与ElevationGrid节点相结合,模拟地质体上下表面,用IndexedFaceSet节点建立两层表面边界,从而构成一个视觉上闭合的3维实体。最后用此方法建立了层状地质体的虚拟现实模型实例。     

Development of a data mining method for land control

Land resources are facing crises of being misused, especially for an intersection area between town and country, and land control has to be enforced. This paper presents a development of data mining method for land control. A vector-match method for the prerequisite of data mining i. e., data cleaning is proposed, which deals with both character and numeric data via vectorizing character-string and matching number. A minimal decision algorithm of rough set is used to discover the knowledge hidden in the data warehouse. In order to monitor land use dynamically and accurately, it is suggested to set up a real-time land control system based on GPS, digital photogrammetry and online data mining. Finally, the means is applied in the intersection area between town and country of Wuhan city, and a set of knowledge about land control is discovered.     

Data model and visualization of 3D city landscape based on integrated databases

Data acquisition and modeling are the two important, difficult and costful aspects in a Cybercity project. 2D-GIS is mature and can manage a lot of spatial data. Thus 3D-GIS should make the best of data and technology of 2D-GIS. Construction of a useful synthetic environment requires integration of multiple types of information like DEM, texture images and 3D representation of objects such as buildings. In this paper, the method for 3D city landscape data model and visualization based on integrated databases is presented. Since, the data volume of raster are very huge, special strategies (for example, pyramid gridded method) must be adopted in order to manage raster data efficiently. Three different methods of data acquisition, the proper data structure and a simple modeling method are presented as well. At last, a pilot project of Shanghai Cybercity is illustrated.