石景山区土地利用数据库的设计与实现

“数字国土”工程作为我国国家空间数据基础设施的一部分得到了长足的发展.本文对北京市石景山区土地利用数据库建设的过程进行系统的描述.基于ArcGIS平台、ArcSDE引擎,利用Geodatabase模型,结合GIS和RS技术,设计了土地利用分层及编码规则,最后将土地调查成果整合入库.实验表明,本文的土地利用数据库建设方法...     

山西CORS网基准站速度场分析

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理山西CORS基准站2009-05～2011-02期间将近2a的数据,确定了基准站的坐标时间序列和速度场,并分析了山西省地壳运动。结果表明,山西CORS基准站在ITRF2005框架下水平方向运动的平均速率为33.97mm·a-1,运动方向为SEE110.55;相对于欧亚板块的水平方向运动的平均速率为6mm·a-1,运动方向为SE130.69。此外,SXCORS基准站在ITRF2005框架下的垂直速度场的变化规律为绝大多数地区发生沉降,且南部地区的沉降速率大于北部地区,沉降的主要原因是由于地下水的长期开采和超采以及煤炭的开采,并且该现象在南部地区更为严重。     

2005年地震灾害综述

2005年是有史以来地震灾害最为惨重的年份之一。全世界地震死亡人数共计88500人,伤约10万人。9000~11000人失踪。毁坏民居不下50万栋,330万人至350万人无家可归。直接经济损失达30至40亿美元。     

Foundation pit dewatering optimization design based on GMW-2005 and LGR technique

The slope instability and uneven settlement caused by the foundation pit dewatering pose a great threat to the project and surrounding environment.Thus,it is necessary to carry out optimization design of the foundation pit dewatering project.To solve this problem,this paper introduces the simulation-optimization method and establishes the groundwater model based on MODFLOW-2005.The local grid refinement(LGR)technique is employed to achieve the refinement of dewatering area.Under the premise of construction safety,the minimum cost of the project is set as the objective function to solve the optimization problem of foundation pit engineering with GWM-2005.The results show that the optimization with GWM-2005 will be more accurate combined with the LGR model,but the improvement of the optimization is not obvious.It is necessary to choose a suitable local refinement model considering the engineering requirement.     

Tropical Storm Gamma and the Mosquitia of eastern Honduras: a little-known story from the 2005 hurricane season

The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was unprecedented in terms of storm activity in the United States, Mexico, Central America and Caribbean. Given the impacts of hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the Honduran Mosquitia sparked little attention despite being hit by two hurricanes and a tropical storm in 2005. This article recounts the history of these storms in the Afro-Caribbean community of Batalla, drawing from public weather advisories and testimony of local residents obtained through participatory research. We contextualise this local history with results from the first paleotempestological study undertaken in the Mosquitia to shed light on long-term risk of catastrophic storms in the region and to demonstrate the value of integrating these two research approaches. Our findings contribute to recent ethnographic research on hazards by describing how a coastal people understand and respond to tropical cyclones and how landscape change influences the vulnerability of a coastal area. Although residents have not witnessed a storm as intense as those documented in the paleotempestological record, their knowledge and perceptions show how tropical cyclones can be disasters while leaving behind no sedimentary records. The paleotempestological evidence, however, reminds us that catastrophic hurricanes have struck the Mosquitia in the past and will do so again in the future. Understanding the interactions between contemporary human perceptions and responses and long-term hurricane risk provides insight for emergency managers and local stakeholders to better prepare for such a catastrophic event.     

Geological setting of the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake

The source of the 8 October 2005 earthquake of M 7.6 was the northwest-striking Balakot–Bagh (B–B) fault, which had been mapped by the Geological Survey of Pakistan prior to the earthquake but had not been recognized as active except for a 16-km section near Muzaffarabad. The fault follows the Indus–Kohistan Seismic Zone (IKSZ); both cut across and locally offset the Hazara–Kashmir Syntaxis defined by the Main Boundary and Panjal thrusts. The fault has no expression in facies of the Miocene–Pleistocene Siwalik Group but does offset late Pleistocene terrace surfaces in Pakistan-administered Jammu-Kashmir. Two en-échelon anticlines near Muzaffarabad and Balakot expose Precambrian Muzaffarabad Limestone and are cut by the B–B fault on their southwest sides, suggesting that folding and exposure of Precambrian rocks by erosion accompanied Quaternary displacement along the fault. The B–B fault has reverse separation, northeast side up; uplift of the northeast side accompanied displacement, producing higher topography and steeper stream gradients northeast of the fault. No surface expression of the B–B fault has been found northwest of the syntaxis, although the IKSZ and steeper stream gradients continue at least as far as the Indus River, the site of the Pattan earthquake of M 6.2 in 1974. To the southeast, northwest-striking faults were mapped by the Geological Survey of Pakistan. One of these faults, the Riasi thrust, cuts across the southwest flank of an anticline exposing Precambrian limestone. Farther southeast, in Indian-administered territory, Holocene activity on the Riasi thrust has been described. In the Kangra reentrant still farther southeast, active faulting may follow the Soan thrust, along which Holocene and Pleistocene offsets have been described. The Soan thrust, rather than the south flank of the Janauri anticline, may represent the surface projection of the 1905 Kangra earthquake of M 7.8.     

Correcting second‐order contamination in low‐resolution spectra

An empirical method for correcting low‐resolution astronomical spectra for second‐order contamination is presented. The method was developed for correcting spectra obtained with grism#4 of the ALFOSC spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope and the performance is demonstrated on spectra of two nearby bright Type Ia supernovae. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

福建省海岛和海岸带遥感影像数据库构建与实现

在参考ISO19115-2003遥感影像元数据标准的基础上,利用覆盖福建全境的海岛、海岸带的Landsat7和SPOT5的原始影像、校正影像以及融合影像,构建基于SQL Server2005的福建省海岛、海岸带遥感影像数据库系统,实现了遥感影像元数据与影像数据的一体化存储与管理．同时,使用VB语言的可视化特性,实现了基于用户的可视化查询与下载．本系统的研发,将为福建省海岛、海岸带研究提供一个可以共享的基础数据平台．     

ITRF2005��CGCS2000����ת�������뾫�ȷ���

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塔里木河流域2005年四源流对干流供水径流情势分析

2004年塔里木河流域四条源流出山口天然径流量272.1×10⁸m³,属丰水年,比多年平均值224.9×10⁸m³多47.20×10⁸m³,增加21.0%;比20世纪90年代平均241.9×10⁸m³多30.20×10⁸m³,增加12.8%,在1957-2005年49 a水文系列中排名第5位.其中,阿克苏河、叶尔羌河、和田河3条源流与多年均值比较,增幅达22%～25%,开都-孔雀河为平略偏丰.四条源流入塔里木河总水量为56.88×10⁸m³,占四条源流出山口天然径流总量的20.9%.根据现今塔里木河综合治理,仍需要制定长远的全面流域规划,以生态系统建设为根本,从工程上、宏观水量控制管理上、经济上和科技手段上,保障实现塔里木河流域水资源的可持续开发利用.