The relationship between collision-related calcalkaline, and within-plate alkaline volcanism in the Karacadağ Area (Konya-Türkiye, Central Anatolia)

The Karacadağ (Kulu-Konya) area is one of the main volcanic provinces in Central Anatolia. The Karacadağ volcanites are composed of large volumes of andesitic-dacitic lavas associated with pyroclastics and small volumes of alkali basalt, trachybasalt and trachyandesite lavas. Two groups of volcanic rocks can be distinguished: (1) calcalkaline rocks including andesites and dacites, and (2) alkaline rocks including basalts, trachybasalts and trachyandesites. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages show that the Karacadağ volcanites were erupted during Early Miocene (ca.18–19 Ma) and suggest that alkaline volcanites succeed shortly afterwards calcalkaline volcanites. Major oxides and trace elements plotted versus SiO₂ suggest fractionation of hornblende, Fe–Ti oxide and apatite for calcalkaline volcanic rocks and olivine, clinopyroxene and Fe–Ti oxide for alkaline volcanic rocks in the magmatic evolution. The incompatible trace element patterns of the calcalkaline volcanites show enrichment of LILEs (Sr, K, Rb, Ba and Th) and negative HFSEs (Nb, Ta) anomalies suggesting an enriched lithospheric source by a subduction-related process. On the other hand, alkaline volcanites show enrichment of both LILEs and HFSEs suggesting an enriched lithospheric source by small volume melts from the asthenosphere. The rocks also have moderately fractionated REE patterns with (La/Lu)_N ratios of 7–24 for calcalkaline and 6–17 for alkaline volcanites. Moreover, the volcanites have relatively low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) ratios for between 0.703782 and 0.705129, and high ε_Nd(t) values between +2.25 and +4.49. Generally, the Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the rocks range from the mantle array to bulk earth. All of these observations and findings suggest that the calcalkaline volcanites were formed in a subduction modified orogenic setting, and the alkaline volcanites in a within-plate setting.     

WMO区域本底站气溶胶特征分析*

文章通过2002年8月12~27日和2003年7月20日~8月1日在浙江临安县的WMO区域空气污染本底站临安站所采集的气溶胶样品的质量浓度,水溶性离子,有机碳/元素碳(OC/EC)及部分化学元素的特征分析,并与1991年夏季(8月22~28日)气溶胶的某些特征比较,初步研究结果为:1991年至2003年夏季的气溶胶TSP,PM11和PM2.1浓度均呈现出减少的趋势,但是PM11/TSP和PM2.1/PM11则有增加的趋势。1991年、2002年和2003年PM11/TSP的值为90 % 左右,PM2.1/PM11 分别为46.52 % , 69.33 % 和72.29 % ,说明气溶胶以小粒子为主,小粒子又以细粒子为主。1991年、2002年和2003年浓度最高的离子为SO^2-₄,其次为NH^＋₄。其中SO^2-₄占所测离子浓度的百分数分别为65.39 % ,57.75 % 和57.27 % ,并且主要以(NH₄)₂SO₄,(K)₂SO₄和(Na)₂SO₄的形式存在。各离子浓度占所测离子浓度的百分数基本上不随年代变化,具有一定稳定性。2002年和2003年气溶胶中的OC浓度分别为29.91μg/m³和14.14μg/m³,均为各自的组分之首。2002年和2003年OC的比值PM2.1/PM11分别为64.63 % 和77.71 % ,EC的比值PM2.1/PM11分别为69.89 % 和87.17 % ,可见气溶胶中OC和EC主要存在于PM2.1的粒子中。元素富集因子分析表明,自然源与人为源对气溶胶中的元素都有重要的贡献。主因子分析结果显示PM2.1和PM11元素源基本相同,自然源主要是地壳、土壤尘和海盐, 人为源主要是煤飞灰(煤和焦碳)、冶炼工业和道路机动车辆的排放、废物处理、垃圾焚烧及建筑工业粉尘等。     

过去21a中国西北植被覆盖动态监测与模拟

利用1981至2001年8kmAVHRR数据,采用均值法、差值法和一元线性回归模拟法,分析西北植被年内变化、年际变化特征,并模拟近21aNDVI最大化值的变化趋势线和NDVI增长幅度.统计结果表明,中国西北植被覆盖在7～8月达到年内最丰盛;近21a来植被覆盖存在普遍退化的趋势,且后10a变化幅度大于前10a变化幅度;在局部区域有植被改善的趋势,改善幅度小于退化幅度.模拟结果表明,植被改善的区域主要分布在新疆西部和北部地区.     

Trend estimation and univariate forecast of the sunspot numbers: Development and comparison of ARMA, ARIMA and Autoregressive Neural Network models

In the present study, a prominent 11-year cycle, supported by the pattern of the autocorrelation function and measures of Euclidean distances, in the mean annual sunspot number time series has been observed by considering the sunspot series for the duration of 1749 to 2007. The trend in the yearly sunspot series, which is found to be non-normally distributed, is examined through the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. A statistically significant increasing trend is observed in the sunspot series in annual duration. The results indicate that the performance of the autoregressive neural network-based model is much better than the autoregressive moving average and autoregressive integrated moving average-based models for the univariate forecast of the yearly mean sunspot numbers.     

柔性结构养殖网箱的抗风浪性能试验报告

本文报道了以柔性绳索作为承爱和传递波浪作用力的主结构的柔性养殖网箱的抗风浪性能试验结果。在9914号特大台风的正面袭击下，这种网箱能基本保持完好，表明它具有十分优越的抗风浪性能。通过对试验环境的初步分析表明，该网箱系统能抵抗住海面波高在4．7米以下、波长在76．95米以内的台风浪袭击，可满足福建省大部分近海海面在十年一遇台风重现期条件下的近海网箱抗风浪养殖的要求。     

Asphalt mounds and associated biota on the Angolan margin

Release of hydrocarbons from sediments is important in increasing habitat heterogeneity on deep ocean margins. Heterogeneity arises from variation in abiotic and biotic conditions, including changes in substratum, geochemistry, fluid flow, biological communities and ecological interactions. The seepage of heavy hydrocarbons to the seafloor is less well studied than most other cold seep systems and may lead to the formation of asphalt mounds. These have been described from several regions, particularly the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we describe the structure, potential formation and biology of a large asphalt mound province in Block 31SE Angola. A total of 2254 distinct mound features was identified by side-scan sonar, covering a total area of 3.7 km² of seafloor. The asphalt mounds took a number of forms from small (<0.5 m diameter; 13% observations) mounds to large extensive (<50 m diameter) structures. Some of the observed mounds were associated with authigenic carbonate and active seepage (living chemosynthetic fauna present in addition to the asphalt). The asphalt mounds are seabed accumulations of heavy hydrocarbons formed from subsurface migration and fractionation of reservoir hydrocarbons primarily through a network of faults. In Angola these processes are controlled by subsurface movement of salt structures. The asphalt mounds were typically densely covered with epifauna (74.5% of mounds imaged had visible epifauna) although individual mounds varied considerably in epifaunal coverage. Of the 49 non-chemosynthetic megafaunal taxa observed, 19 taxa were only found on hard substrata (including asphalt mounds), 2 fish species inhabited the asphalt mounds preferentially and 27 taxa were apparently normal soft-sediment fauna. Antipatharians (3.6±2.3% s.e.) and poriferans (2.6±1.9% s.e.) accounted for the highest mean percentage of the observed cover, with actinarians (0.9±0.4% s.e.) and alcyonaceans (0.4±0.2% s.e.) covering smaller proportions of the area. Asphalt mounds represent a common and important habitat on several margin systems globally and should be recognised in future environmental assessment and management of these areas.     

东亚地区气象参数同步物理反演方法的数值试验:SPRM和ISPRM

从反演理论知道,正演问题是对实际大气辐射率的模拟.一切物理反演皆始于正演,而正演辐射率的逼真度又取决于初估值和遥感通道透射率的精度,从而反演过程紧密地把初估值、正演和透射率联在一起.这个研究除了构建自洽的同步反演模式外,着重将SPRM和只改变验前信息参数的SPRM做综合比较,并称后者为ISPRM.试验结果表明后者明显优于前者.     

气候变化和工程活动对青藏铁路沿线植被指数时空变化的影响

基于1982-2015年的GIMMS NDVI3g+及同期气候数据,利用最大值合成法获得青藏铁路沿线直接影响区和生态背景区的年内NDVI最大值、年际NDVI平均值,对其进行了趋势分析、变异分析、气候相关分析和残差分析,部分结果用MODISNDVI(2001-2018年)进行了验证.研究表明:①青藏铁路年际NDVI高度响...     

The 11-year solar cycle, the Sun's rotation, and the middle stratosphere in winter. Part II: Response of planetary waves

The effect of the 11-year solar cycle on the response of planetary wavenumbers 1 and 2 at 10 and 30 hPa in winter to solar activity oscillations on the time scale of the Sun's rotation (27.2 day) is discussed in terms of statistical spectral analysis. The three oscillations studied are the 27.2 d (period of the Sun's rotation), 25.3 d (periodicity caused by modulation of the 27.2 d stratospheric response by annual atmospheric variation), and 54.4 d (doubled period of the solar rotation). A significant effect of the 11-year solar cycle is found for the 54.4 d periodicity in planetary wavenumber 1, and for the 27.2 and 25.3 d periodicities in planetary wavenumber 2. The effect of the 11-year solar cycle is expressed in the evident differences between the amplitudes of responses of planetary waves at maximum and minimum of the solar cycle: the amplitudes are much larger at high than at low solar activity. The 11-year modulation of planetary wave activity is most pronounced at mid-latitudes, mainly at 40–60°N, where the observed variability of planetary waves is large. The results obtained are in good agreement with results of the recent modeling study by Shindell et al. (Science 284 (1999) 305).