饶平站能见度仪器测量与人工观测对比分析

利用饶平站2011年1-12月定时人工观测能见度资料,对比Belfort M6000能见度仪测得的能见度数据,分析表明:M6000能见度仪器测值与人工观测值在0～20 km两者相关性高,随着能见度的增大两者差距也越大;能见度仪器测量相比人工观测具有高精度、数据客观、不受人为因素影响等特点;人工观测能见度观测范围广,观测所得为周围大气平均状况,在大气不均匀下误差较小;出现视程障碍天气现象时M6000能见度仪测量值在空气中含有高水汽、液态水的情况下比人工观测能见度值明显偏小.     

无线扩频技术在汕头多普勒雷达资料传输中的应用

汕头多普勒天气雷达站于1995年底建成，1996年2月份投入业务使用。多普勒雷达站与汕头气象局本部隔海相望，直线距离约为11km。原来的资料传输方式是采用有线程控调拨，传输速率最高为9600bps，有时因线路质量差而使速度降至2400bps以下，甚至无法联网，还时常因线路中断而无法传输。多普勒雷达观测资料量极大，每水平扫描一圈，强度图和速度图的数据量都为724112字节，立体扫描一次4层的数据量已有2．SMB，12层达7．ZMB。9600bPS的速度远远不能满足传输如此大数据量的要求，而只能传送部分二次处理产品的压缩文件，这对于多普勒雷达资…     

Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.     

大地测量学科发展现状与趋势

近50年,由于大地测量观测手段的不断进步和应用领域的不断拓展,大地测量学科不断进化,并与其他学科不断交叉与融合。本文首先简述了大地测量学发展的背景和在历史上发挥的主要作用,梳理了大地测量传统学科的形成。进一步,分析了大地测量发展现状,侧重从观测手段的进步描述学科的发展;从应用领域的拓展描述交叉学科的形成;从国家需求和科学发展出发,描述了大地测量学科未来的发展趋势。最后,综合各方面因素,提出了大地测量现阶段学科分类建议,试图为大地测量工作者的科研选题、基金申请提供借鉴。     

Scintillation Dynamic Spectra and Transverse Velocities ofSeven Pulsars

Using a pulsar timing system developed at Urumqi Astronomical Observatory‘s 25-m telescope, we observed scintillation dynamic spectra for seven pulsars at the relatively high frequency of 1540 MHz over a wide frequency band of 320 MHz. Averaging observations at different epochs, we obtain time scales and decorrelation bandwidths for diffractive scintillation and show that these imply a power-law index for the electron density fluctuation close to 4.0. Assuming this value and that the scattering disk is approximately midway between the pulsar and the earth, we compute transverse velocities for the seven pulsars. These values are generally in good agreement with the proper motion velocities.     

岷县漳县6.6级地震前区域地壳运动变形背景与断层形变异常特征

利用甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震区所在的青藏块体东北缘地区的区域水准、GPS、流动重力和跨断层短测线等地形变监测资料,结合地质构造、动力环境和已往的研究结果,分析了不同类型资料反映的震前区域性地壳变形背景、断层形变异常特征和可能的机理.结果认为：（1）岷县漳县6.6级地震前西秦岭、六盘山等构造区不同程度地存在着GPS水平挤压闭锁高应变积累、垂直隆升异常高梯度带和重力升、降差异剧烈变化等中长期背景;（2）震前到震时发震断裂附近及其外围相关构造区域断层形变异常在空间和时间上的起伏波动变化显著,尤其是汶川地震以来的波动变化在一定程度上反映了与本区构造比邻的龙门山断裂带剧烈右旋错动对本区的影响,与本次岷县6.6级地震过程有关;（3）本区有地形变监测资料积累以来缺乏6级以上震例,虽然存在不同程度的中长期形变背景异常,但何时进入短期-短临阶段确实很难把握,需要不断积累总结和探索提高.     

天球参考架零点的测定（Ⅲ）—用不同小行星测零点改正的权重

从以往的资料看出，太阳系天体中不体观测对象对天球参考架零点改正的权重是不同的，以不同的小行星为观测对象，其零点改正的结果之间也有较大的差异，因为它们的轨道根数是不相同，本文利用最小二乘法方法分析了不同类型轨道的小行星在测定Ｅ和Ｄ改正时最或然值的偏差量以及必须满足的观测条件。