南京市水西门市民广场防洪墙地段滑坡成因机制与工程地质灾害防治 …

概述了南京市水西北市民广场地质环境背景,分析了广场建设和灾害发生过程中存在的工程地质条件、工程、管理等方面的问题,剖析了该滑坡产生的机制,针对近年南京地区边坡失稳和滑坡灾害时有发生的状况,提出了防治对策。     

长沙市防洪建设中若干重要问题探讨

探讨了全国重点防洪城市长沙市防洪建设中的若干重要问题:防洪标准、设计洪水位、防洪大堤高度等的确定;建设方针与程序、整体防洪能力建设、防洪建设与基础设施建设和景观建设协调发展等。长沙设计洪水位的确定应综合考虑以下几个方面:湘江长沙段洪水与其支流和东洞庭湖洪水不存在高标准洪水同期遭遇问题,更不存在同频率洪水遭遇问题;湘江洪水流量与水位关系不是长沙洪水设计的主要依据;而南洞庭湖洪水位顶托和河道槽蓄量减少是影响长沙洪水位高低的动、静态因素。目前,长沙城市堤防设防高度偏高,减少了大堤的稳定性,造成了无效投资,影响了城市景观。防洪工程建设应分期实施、先除险后加固、注重整体防洪能力的提高,并处理好与城市基础设施建设和景观建设的关系。     

Correlations between zooplankton assemblages and environmental factors in the downtown rivers of Shanghai,China

Most urban rivers play an important role in urban flood control and drainage in China, but pollution is fast becoming an issue of greater importance in water management. In this study, 63 zooplankton species were recorded in four downtown rivers in Shanghai between November 2007 and October 2008. Of these, 44 species belonged to the Rotifera, 13 to Cladocera, and six to Copepoda. The three most frequently occurring zooplankton （Brachionus calyciflorus, Microcyclops Ieuckarti, and Asplanchna priodonta） accounted for 80.00%, 76.84%, and 53.68%, respectively. Rotifera were found to be dominant, comprising 86.26% of total zooplankton, while cladoceran and copepod abundance amounted to 5.08% and 8.67%, respectively. Water temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were of the greatest significance in the occurrence of zooplankton. Two species （Schmackeria forbesi and Lepadella ovalis） were notably more sensitive to environmental factors such as salinity and electrical conductivity than other species. The population size and community were inversely correlated with the increasing nutrient levels of the four rivers, suggesting that the water quality of the four rivers had been gradually recovering from a severe eutrophic state and that water conditions of the rivers had been gradually improved.     

《玛纳斯河防洪规划》对新疆洪水灾害防御的启示

由新疆水电设计院完成的《新疆玛纳斯河防洪规划》,较全面的对玛纳斯河洪水成因,防洪整体方案,洪水计算,防洪标准等进行了全面的规划论证。对玛河防洪起到了重要的指导作用,对全疆中小河流有借鉴作用,对全疆洪水灾害防御有启示意义。     

红树林抗御大海啸

2004年底的天灾印度洋大海啸,迄今回忆起来仍令人毛骨悚然。大海啸留给人们更多的是痛苦、怀念、忧患和反省。心有余悸之际,人们将亡羊补牢的焦点集中放到如何用红树林来固筑天然防洪大堤和怎样去实践的思考中。     

江西省鄱阳湖区水患灾害特征及发展趋势分析

分析了鄱阳湖区水惠灾害在时间和空间上的分布特征及规律，从目前水患发生特征现状及长江干、支流水利工程设施及防洪方法两个方面预测了水患灾害的发生、发展趋势，为有关部门在制定防洪治水方案时提供了科学依据。