活性白云粉生产工艺及其物化性能研究

活性白云粉（ABP）是在白云岩经过破碎、细粉碎、表面改性的基础上得到的一种新型改性功能填料。本文利用河南辉县市的拍石头和张村两地产出的白云岩作为实验原料，对其表面改性的实验方法、改性剂选择及用量、改性条件及改性效果等方面进行了一定的探讨，并且对改性前后的白云石粉体的粒度、比表面积等性能及红外光谱特征做了对比研究。生产工艺和物性测试研究表明：活性白云粉代替轻质碳酸钙作橡胶填料前景广阔；与轻钙相比，活性白云粉的粒度不够均匀，经优化和改善生产工艺条件，可望进一步提高其应用价值。     

高岭土/聚丙烯酸高吸水材料合成及表面改性

采用高温快速的水溶液聚合方法合成了高岭土／聚丙烯酸高吸水性复合材料,探讨了复合材料合成过程中各种因素,如引发剂用量、交联剂用量、中和度、高岭土超细粉用量等对复合材料吸水倍数的影响,还对该高吸水性复合材料进行表面亲水改性研究,结果表明表面亲水改性有利于提高复合材料的吸水速率。     

电子探针化学测年技术及其在地学中的应用

电子探针主要应用于固体无机材料的微区化学成分定量测定和表面形貌研究。近十年来电子探针化学测年技术发展迅速，并取得了丰富的研究成果。本文在简单介绍该技术发展历程后，进一步详细介绍该技术的基本原理、样品制备与分析、年龄计算方法等内容，最后讨论了该技术的优缺点，同时指出电子探针测年技术在地学中的具有广泛的应用前景。     

有机硅烷化蒙脱石的层间锁合效应

有机改性对粘土矿物在高分子纳米复合材料、环境材料、载体材料等领域中的应用有着重要影响。粘土矿物的有机改性方法主要包括:表面活性剂插层、有机硅烷嫁接和原位合成改性。其中,有机硅烷嫁接(也称表面有机硅烷化)是近年粘     

表面波谱分析影响因素研究

基于理论分析及数值计算,研究了频率分辨率、反射波等对谱分析影响,结果表明：频率分辨率会影响相位差曲线及相位差折迭数量;与振源相对的场地沟槽反射的瑞利波或分层界面的反射体波会使测点信号功率谱估计及计算的相速度-波长曲线出现扰动。通过细化技术及干扰信号切除方法可提高相速度计算精度。在低频域相位差折迭数无法统计时,用优化分析方法可以估计可能损失折迭数或额外多余的折迭数。     

氧化锰矿物的生物成因及其性质的研究进展

土壤中的氧化锰矿物是原生矿物风化和成土过程的产物,是最具反应活性的一类矿物,决定着环境中许多物质的形态、迁移和转化,在元素生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用,其形成机制和环境效应备受关注。已有的研究表明,环境中氧化锰的形成与微生物作用紧密相关,微生物作用可使自然环境中的Mn(Ⅱ)氧化速率提高105倍。参与Mn(Ⅱ)氧化的微生物在环境中广泛存在,已知的典型锰氧化细菌分布在变形菌门、放线菌门或厚壁菌门,它们均通过胞外聚合物中的多铜氧化酶来催化氧化Mn(Ⅱ)。细菌氧化Mn(II)成Mn(Ⅳ)是酶催化的两个连续的快速单电子传递过程,Mn(Ⅲ)在溶液中以与酶结合的瞬时中间态出现。生物形成氧化锰的最初形态为层状锰矿物,与δ-MnO2或酸性水钠锰矿很类似,且结晶弱,粒径小,锰氧化度高,结构中的八面体空穴多,因而比化学形成的氧化锰具有更强的吸附、氧化等表面活性。环境中Mn(Ⅱ)微生物氧化及形成的Mn(Ⅲ)中间体与碳、氮、硫等生命元素的地球化学循环的关系令人关注。     

新疆喀拉喀什河金刚石找矿指示矿物原生表面特征研究

新疆喀拉喀什河水系的重砂矿物中发现了高铬铬铁矿、镁铝榴石、镁钛铁矿和铬透辉石等金刚石找矿指示矿物。结果表明,这些重消矿物不仅发育因河流和风力搬运作用形成的次生表面特征（如贝壳状断口、Ｖ形撞击坑等）,个别矿物还残留有金刚石找矿物原生表面特征,如丘状突起、三角和菱形熔坑等表面（ＳＳ）,且为轻微磨损类。这些残留有刻蚀表面（ＳＳ）的矿物形成于金伯利岩浆最后侵位阶段,结合该区水动力条件,推测它们被搬运蚀表面     

硅灰石表面改性实验研究

实验以湖北大冶硅灰石为原料，初步探讨了硅灰石表达改性的工艺条件。经沉降体积法、表面接触角、红外光谱等方法检测和填充橡胶试验证实，硅灰石得到了改性且其填充性能有明显的提高。     

Amplitude—Phase Characteristics of the Annual Cycle of Surface Air Temperature in the Northern Hemisphere

The amplitude-phase characteristics(APC)of surface air temperature(SAT)annual cycle(AC)in the Northern Hemisphere are analyzed.From meteorological observations for the 20th century and meteorological reanalyses for its second half,it is found that over land negative correlation of SAT ACamplitude with annual mean SAT dominates.Nevertheless,some exceptions exist.The positive correlationbetween these two variables is found over the two desert regions:in northern Africa and in Central America.Areas of positive correlations are also found for the northern Pacific and for the tropical Indian and PacificOceans.Southward of the characteristic annual mean snow-ice boundary (SIB) position,the shape ofthe SAT AC becomes more sinusoidal under climate warming.In contrast,northward of it,this shapebecomes less sinusoidal.The latter iS also found for the above-mentioned two desert regions.In theFar East(southward of about 50°N),the SAT AC shifts as a whole:here its spring and autumn phasesoccur earlier if the annual     

Application of a Coupled Land Surface-Hydrological Model to Flood Simulation in the Huaihe River Basin of China

A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin（HRB） was investigated using two different models： a coupled land surface hydrological model（CLHMS）, and a large-scale hydrological model（LSX-HMS）. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and observed precipitation data were used as meteorological inputs. The simulation results from both models were compared in terms of flood processes forecasting during high flow periods in the summers of 2003 and 2007, and partial high flow periods in 2000. The comparison results showed that the simulated streamflow by CLHMS model agreed well with the observations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients larger than 0.76, in both periods of 2000 at Lutaizi and Bengbu stations in the HRB, while the skill of the LSX-HMS model was relatively poor. The simulation results for the high flow periods in 2003 and 2007 suggested that the CLHMS model can simulate both the peak time and intensity of the hydrological processes, while the LSX-HMS model provides a delayed flood peak. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the coupling between the land surface and hydrological module in achieving better predictions for hydrological processes, and CLHMS was proven to be a promising model for future applications in flood simulation and forecasting.