真空加载方式对吹填流泥加固效果及土颗粒移动的影响研究

考虑加载方式的影响开展室内模型试验,对4组相同性质的泥浆试样（含水率为100%）分别采用不同的加载方式,即-80 kPa、-60 kPa→80 kPa、-40 kPa→-80 kPa、-20 kPa→-80 kPa进行加载,加载过程中对试样的出水量、沉降量和侧向变形进行跟踪监测,并对处理后土体的含水率、塑性指数和十字板剪切强度等的空间分布与变化规律进行研究。试验结果表明,（1）真空加载方式对吹填流泥的固结具有比较明显的影响;（2）初始真空荷载为-20 kPa时所得到的土体沉降量最大、强度最高,始终保持-80 kPa荷载情况下所得到的土体沉降量最小、强度最低;（3）从塑性指数的分布特征来看,土颗粒随着土中水的排出发生移动,初始真空荷载越大,这种趋势越明显,部分土颗粒会聚积在排水板周围而导致土体渗透性能的降低,严重时会影响土体的后续固结。建议在流泥淤泥的真空固结过程中采用低初始荷载方式进行加载。     

高家梁煤矿煤仓沉降观测及规律分析

通过对鄂尔多斯市高家梁煤矿煤仓为期2年的沉降观测数据分析,认为从建成到使用,将沉降分为静沉降和动沉降两个阶段,静沉降随时间推移逐渐减小,动沉降随着荷载的变化而变化;经过一段时间后基础逐渐稳定,根据数据分析,影响煤仓安全的主要因素是装载偏仓,装载量较小时,偏仓对安全的影响大。     

黏土中防沉板—桩复合基础地震反应特性研究

为了研究海底防沉板—桩复合基础在地震荷载作用下的动力反应特性,以我国南海深水工程实例为研究对象,利用Flac3D有限差分仿真软件建立了计算模型,土体采用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型,模型底部输入EL Centro地震波,对不同桩长的复合基础进行分析计算.在该特定工程背景下,研究结果表明:随着桩长的增加,防沉板顶部加速度放大系数呈减小趋势;地震荷载下,复合基础发生震陷,沉降量在地震波加速度峰值过后趋于稳定;当桩长为6m时,复合基础的水平振动程度和震陷量最小;由于桩基础把震动能量传输到深部土层中,复合基础周围土体的加速度响应值小于远场土体.在动力时域内,防沉板与桩连接处弯矩最大,需要在此处增设加固装置.     

Test and simulation of full-scale self-centering beam-to-column connection

A new type of beam-to-column connection for steel moment flames, designated as a ＂self-centering connection,＂ is studied. In this connection, bolted top-and-seat angles, and post-tensioned （PT） high-strength steel strands running along the beam are used. The PT strands tie the beam flanges on the column flange to resist moment and provide self-centering force. After an earthquake, the connections have zero deformation, and can be restored to their original status by simply replacing the angles. Four full-scale connections were tested under cyclic loading. The strength, energy-dissipation capacity, hysteresis curve, as well as angles and PT strands behavior of the connections are investigated. A general FEM analysis program called ABAQUS 6.9 is adopted to model the four test specimens. The numerical and test results match very well. Both the test and analysis results suggest that： （1） the columns and beams remain elastic while the angles sustain plastic deformations for energy dissipation when the rotation of the beam related to the column equals 0.05 tad, （2） the energy dissipation capacity is enhanced when the thickness of the angle is increased, and （3） the number of PT strands has a significant influence on the behavior of the connections, whereas the distance between the strands is not as important to the performance of the connection.     

外伸式端板连接钢-混凝土组合节点抗震受剪承载力

为了进一步研究外伸式端板连接型钢-混凝土组合节点的受力特点、破坏形态以及节点的抗震受剪性能,进行了7个外伸式端板连接节点的低周反复荷载作用的试验,对其破坏形态进行了分析,提出了可供实际工程参考使用的节点核心区抗震受剪承载力计算公式;对比分析了不同的螺栓数量、排列方式和螺栓直径的节点抗震受剪承载力值及耗能能力,给出了相同的螺栓排列方式,指出螺栓直径大的其抗震承载力高,并指出三行三列螺栓排列方式的节点是外伸式端板连接钢-混凝土组合节点最为合理的节点形式。     

固体颗粒不可压缩时饱和局部非均匀土孔压动态响应分析

为了分析微细观非均质结构对土体宏观力学特性的影响,本文基于有关局部非均质土波动理论的最新研究成果,推导了不考虑固体颗粒压缩性时,能描述局部结构对孔压增长和消散过程影响的动力学模型。针对周期荷载作用下的一维饱和土层,获得了孔隙水压分布的解析解。分别以松弛时间和荷载频率为变量,定量分析了这两参数对孔隙水压发展的影响趋势,并确定这两者影响孔压发展的敏感区间。     

Bridge pier failure probabilities under combined hazard effects of scour, truck and earthquake. Part I: occurrence probabilities

In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specifications are formulated based on failure probabilities, which are fully calibrated for dead load and nonextreme live loads. Design against earthquake loads is established separately. Design against scour effect is also formulated separately by using the concept of capacity reduction (or increased scour depth). Furthermore, scour effect cannot be linked directly to an LRFD limit state equation, because the latter is formulated using force-based analysis. This paper (in two parts) presents a probability-based procedure to estimate the combined hazard effects on bridges due to truck, earthquake and scour, by treating the effect of scour as an equivalent load effect so that it can be included in reliability-based bridge failure calculations. In Part I of this series, the general principle of treating the scour depth as an equivalent load effect is presented. The individual and combined partial failure probabilities due to truck, earthquake and scour effects are described. To explain the method of including non-force-based natural hazards effects, two types of common scour failures are considered. In Part II, the corresponding bridge failure probability, the occurrence of scour as well as simultaneously having both truck load and equivalent scour load are quantitatively discussed.     

道路行车荷载影响深度分析

提出了黏弹性边界单元有限元模型,用以研究行车荷载在道路中的有效传播深度。通过与Lamb问题的解析解及连盐高速公路实测结果对比分析,验证了数值模型用于研究车辆荷载在道路中引起的动响应具有很好的精度。应用该方法探讨了行车速度、道路各结构层的回弹模量对动响应沿道路深度变化的影响。研究表明,用附加动应力大小作为行车荷载有效传播深度的控制标准不足以反映车辆荷载对道路沉降的影响。尤其对建于软土地基上的道路,建议以竖向动应变作为界定车辆荷载影响深度的控制标准为宜。分析表明,软土地基中行车荷载引起的动响应的影响深度一般在6～10 m范围内,这对地基的设计处理和道路工后沉降的控制具有重要参考意义。     

EPS颗粒混合轻质土反复荷载下变形和阻尼特性

通过反复荷载三轴剪切试验研究了EPS颗粒混合轻质土在反复荷载下的变形和阻尼特性,分析了不同围压、不同水泥掺入比及不同土质条件下轴向累积应变、回弹模量及阻尼比随轴向总应变的变化规律。结果表明：轴向累积应变与轴向总应变呈线性关系,与轴向总应变的比值较大,且在不同条件下基本不变;回弹模量随围压和水泥掺入比的增大而增大。在一定的围压和水泥掺入比下,当应变小于8%时,砂土EPS颗粒混合轻质土的回弹模量大于淤泥质土EPS颗粒混合轻质土的回弹模量;当应变大于8%时,情况相反。回弹模量与轴向总应变的关系曲线可用递减的幂函数来拟合;EPS颗粒混合轻质土的阻尼比随轴向总应变的增大而增大,随围压和水泥掺入比的增大而减小,砂土EPS颗粒混合轻质土的阻尼比小于淤泥质土EPS颗粒混合轻质土的阻尼比,但以上变化和差别都非常小,阻尼比基本保持为一常数。     

新型高强预应力让压锚杆巷道支护性能的数值模拟

一种新型的高强高预应力让压锚杆在国内煤矿深埋巷道支护中得到了成功应用,与普通锚杆相比,高强度、高预应力和让压性能是其主要特点。基于高强预应力让压锚杆力学模型,建立了让压锚杆-围岩相互作用体系的有限元数值模型,并对巷道围岩应力分布、位移和锚杆受力性能进行了分析。结果表明,高强预应力让压锚杆系统能够减小锚杆荷载,且可防止大变形和深井巷道支护中锚杆过早地进入屈服,对杆体具有保护作用。