琉球群岛相关称谓的地理意义与政治属性

历史上承载琉球王国的琉球群岛是一个独立的地理单元。"琉球群岛"这一传统称谓具有特殊的政治属性。但是长期以来,中国对琉球群岛的地缘战略意义认识不足,学术界,特别是以区域研究为特色的地理学界,对有关琉球群岛基础研究积累部分缺失,导致中国对于琉球群岛相关称谓的认识模糊混乱。运用历史文献研究法、定性分析法等区域地理学传统的研究方法和虚拟地球空间定位与GIS技术,从琉球群岛相关称谓的历史演变分析入手,对"西南群岛"、"萨南群岛"、"冲绳群岛"等相关称谓的地理学意义及其政治属性进行了考证。研究发现,近代日本吞并琉球群岛后,采用偷梁换柱的办法在岛屿命名上"去琉球化",推广使用"西南群岛"、"萨南群岛"、"冲绳群岛"等相关称谓,企图消除"琉球群岛"的政治属性,肢解琉球群岛,抹煞琉球群岛传统历史,在琉球群岛法律地位认识的问题上制造混乱,诱导国际社会承认日本对琉球群岛的"主权"。正确认识琉球群岛地理单元的特殊性,坚持使用"琉球群岛"这一传统称谓,对于中国维护钓鱼岛主权和东海海洋权益以及今后涉及琉球问题的对外交涉具有十分重要战略意义。     

Geographical distribution and age composition of Euphausia superba larvae (Crustacea：Euphausiacea) in the South Shetland Islands region and southern Scotia Sea in relation to environmental conditions

Spatial distribution patterns of the different life stages of Euphausia superba in the region of the South Shet- land Islands and southern Scotia Sea （Antarctica） were assessed based on scientific survey data collected in lanuary and February of 2010. Adults, eggs, nauplii, metanauplii, calyptopis I-Ill, and furcilia I-II were found in the investigation. The abundance of larvae averaged 1 172.8 ind./mz, with calyptopis I and II as the dominant stages. Habitat occupancy patterns varied among Euphausia superba at different stages, and three sub-regions were identified by cluster analysis. The degree of larval development increased from west to east. Larvae were not observed north of the South Shetland Islands. Calyptopis I was predominant in the water between Elephant Island and the South Orkney Islands, which featured no thermocline. Older stages, including calyptopis II and III and furcilia I and II, were common in north and northeast of the South Orkney Islands, which were characterized by high temperature and high chlorophyll concentration. Distri- bution and abundance of the early life stages of E. superba were associated with specific environmental con- ditions. According to Biota-Environment matching （BIOENV）, the distributions of E. superba larvae were correlated with a combination of temperature at the surface and 200 m, and 0-100 m integrated chlorophyll a concentration.     

夏季北极斯瓦尔巴群岛周边海域微型浮游生物群落分布特征及环境影响初探

文章通过荧光显微分析和分子生物学分析方法,对斯瓦尔巴群岛周边海域微型浮游生物群落中的浮游细菌丰度、微型浮游植物丰度及优势种进行了重点调查,分析了微型浮游生物群落与海洋环境之间的相关性。结果表明,浮游细菌的丰度为4.2×105～1.2×106cells/ml,微型浮游植物的丰度为2.7×103～4.1×104cells/ml;微型浮游植物优势种包括微胞藻、微型海链藻和微型角毛藻。冰川融水会给附近海域带来陆源微生物,并在一定程度上促进微型浮游植物的生长,而海冰的存在和低温则是导致微型浮游生物丰度较低的主因。北冰洋升温和海冰(冰川)消融会导致海洋浮游生物群落的微型化,这种趋势会明显影响大型海洋生物对它们的利用效率,从而影响整个北冰洋海洋生态系统。     

利玛窦世界地图的本初子午线

利玛窦是第一个把西方的测绘技术和近代地图传到中国的西洋人。他带来了地理大发现后的最新成果,但他所绘制的世界地图,仍然采用公元2世纪古希腊天文学家托勒密定位的加那利群岛所在经线为本初子午线,只是将中央经线东移170°,使中国居于世界之中。     

深海——海下声呐探索深海珊瑚礁

2006年5月22日到30日，美国港口海洋学研究所和迈阿密大学的科学家将使用“约翰逊海洋链接二号深潜器”首次探测佛罗里达州和巴哈马群岛之间新近发现的深海珊瑚礁。这些珊瑚礁生长在水下610米至884米处，是去年12月被迈阿密大学科学小组使用尖端声呐技术发现的。这次探测的主要目的是寻找含有某些化学元素的海洋有机物，科学家期望这些化学成分能够治愈癌症和阿尔茨海默病等疾病。     

宫古群岛外陆架和陆坡上受潮流影响的高能环境和与红藻石有关的碳酸盐沉积

宫古群岛外陆架和陆坡上受潮流影响的高能环境和与红藻石有关的碳酸盐沉积ＹｏｓｈｉｈｉｒｏＴｓｕｊｉ宫古群岛位于日本琉球岛弧南部。沉积在开阔陆架和水深９００ｍ陆坡上的沉积物泥质含量低（＜５％），而沉积在潮流受阻水深２０ｍ的浅部陆架区的沉积物泥质含量高（＞...     

长山群岛和辽东半岛南部的海岸阶地及新构造运动特征

为了排除水动型海平面升降影响,本文根据1981—1987年所获得的资料,应用大海岸阶地综合纵剖面分析法,讨论了长山群岛和辽东半岛南部海岸阶地及其所反映的新构造运动性质。结果表明:第四纪期间,研究区经历了强烈的整体性断块上升运动,区内未发现明显的隆起、凹陷或断层的垂直错动,而是显示了由东南向西北轻微掀斜式的继承性整体构造上升特点。此外,依据第四纪、近代和现代的构造上升速率,认为本区仍保持着新构造上升的总趋势,地震危险程度不大。     

Crustal thickening in an active margin setting （Philippines）： The whys and the hows

A synthesis of crustal thickness estimates was made recently utilizing available field, geochemical, seismicity, shear wave velocity and gravity data in the Philippines. The results show that a significant portion of the Philippine archipelago is generally characterized by crust with a thickness of around 25 to 30 kilometers. However, two zones, which are made up of a thicker crust (from 30 to 65 km) have also been delineated. The Luzon Central Cordillera region is characterized by thick crust. Another belt of thickened crust is observed in the Bicol-Negros-Panay-Central Mindanao region. This paper examines the interplay of tectonic and magmatic processes and their role in modifying Philippine arc crust. The processes, which could account for the observed crustal thicknesses, are presented. The contributions of magmatic arcs as compared to the contribution of the emplacement and accretion of ophiolite complexes to crustal thickness are also discussed.