江西银峰尖金矿选矿试验与生产实践

介绍江西银峰尖金矿选矿试验与生产实践情况,阐述选矿流程,强调粗粒金早收多收的重要性。     

硐沟锰矿石火法选矿（富锰渣法）的可能性

富锰渣法的基本原理是根据各种元素在冶炼过程中还原温度的不同,使各种有益、有害组份相对分离富集,但该方法对矿石的成份有一定要求,硐沟锰矿石为低磷,高铁、锰、银共生矿石。经过计算可知,矿石的物质组份适合火法选矿,矿石可选性良好。     

沉积物和悬浮颗粒物在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用

本文讨论了沉积物和悬浮颗粒物/胶体在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用,介绍了关于瑞士某岩溶水系统内颗粒物与微生物污染间关系的实验结果。该实验场包括一个接纳农田排水的落水洞及与其相连的两个泉,其中一个泉是供水水源地。利用便携式粒子计实时监测泉水中颗粒分布的变化情况,同时对浊度、总有机碳和其它参数进行连续监测;并对水中E型大肠菌群进行了分析。在暴雨过后,观测到了浊度的两种不同表现:即泉排泄量增加时,浊度最初表现为脉状水动力条件下岩溶系统内沉积物的二次运移;几天后观测到的浊度则表明水已从落水洞到了泉口,常常具有高的总有机碳、硝酸盐及E型大肠菌群。颗粒分布分析结果差异更大:早期的浊度是不同粒径颗粒物的混合,而后期的浊度更多是由较细颗粒构成,因为大颗粒物已沉积在落水洞到泉口之间的岩溶系统内。E型大肠菌群与0.9～1.5 μm颗粒物之间具有很好的相关性。因而较细颗粒的相对增加可应用于微生物污染 “早期预报系统”。除了水污染,颗粒分还可以帮助我们研究岩溶环境的其它问题,如土壤侵蚀。      

玉米根际土壤细菌群落对不同程度镉污染的响应：以甘肃省白银市四龙镇地区为例

为了研究玉米根际土壤细菌群落对土壤Cd污染的响应,本研究基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台,对取自甘肃省白银市四龙镇地区的4组不同Cd污染程度的土壤样品进行16S rDNA扩增子测序分析。结果显示：4组不同Cd污染程度的玉米根际土壤细菌样品的Chao1指数和Shannon指数差异性不明显(p>0.05),表明Cd污染对土壤细菌多样性的影响不显著。4组样品的细菌丰富度相似,优势类群大致相同。4组样品的优势门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes),优势菌属为Ohtaekwangia、GP4、GP6、硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)等。Ohtaekwangia和芽单胞菌属的细菌抗逆性较强,随着环境中Cd含量的增加,其细菌相对丰度增加,而GP4和GP6的细菌抗逆性较差,其相对丰度会随土壤Cd含量的降低而降低。Cd污染会引起土壤中细菌的多样性变化,但细菌多样性与土壤中Cd含...     

青藏高原北麓河地区荒漠草原土壤细菌对热融滑塌的响应

多年冻土区地下冰融化造成的热融滑塌会对土壤理化性质产生一系列影响,进而影响微生物群落结构,但目前热融滑塌对荒漠草原区土壤微生物的影响还不清楚。利用Illumina测序方法,以青藏高原北麓河多年冻土区发生热融滑塌的荒漠草原为研究对象,对3种微地貌（对照区、滑塌区、沉降区）下的土壤细菌展开研究,分析了细菌群落结构及其与环境因子间的关系。结果显示滑塌区和沉降区有机碳含量显著低于对照区,滑塌区土壤含水量最高;放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门是3种微地貌下的优势菌群,对照区细菌群落丰富度显著低于滑塌区。Mantel检验表明,细菌群落结构与土壤理化性质间无显著相关性;非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）表明,微生物群落结构在3种微地貌下显著不同。研究结果表明,在荒漠草原区,热融滑塌会改变土壤理化性质,影响细菌特定门的微生物相对丰度,但对门水平的整体群落结构影响不显著。     

Mg/Ca比对微生物成因的碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响

研究Mg/Ca比对生物成因的碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响是研究各种含镁方解石形成机理的关键。本文在Mg/Ca摩尔比分别为1、2、4、6和8的条件下进行了为期55d的硫酸盐还原细菌诱导碳酸盐矿物形成的实验,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了Mg/Ca比对碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的影响。实验结果表明:①Mg/Ca比与矿物的种类之间存在密切的关系。在Mg/Ca摩尔比较低(1和2)时仅形成高镁方解石,在Mg/Ca摩尔比为4时,形成的矿物组合为含镁方解石+高镁方解石,在Mg/Ca摩尔比为6和8时,矿物组合为高镁方解石+单水碳钙石+钙白云石;②Mg/Ca比影响矿物的生长速率。Mg/Ca比越高,晶体生长速率越快;③Mg/Ca比明显影响矿物的形态。随着Mg/Ca比的增大,矿物的形态有如下发展规律:哑铃形→花菜状→光球状→刺球状。这些研究结果将有助于探讨制约含镁碳酸盐矿物种类和形态的机制。     

不同粒径铀矿石细菌渗滤浸出实验研究

采用细菌渗滤浸出方式,对比不同粒径铀矿石(2~5 mm,5~10 mm)对铀浸出和细菌适应性的影响。结果表明,细粒径铀矿石总浸出率与粗粒径浸出基本相同;粗粒径总耗酸量小于细粒径;细菌在粗粒径铀矿样中的适应时间较在细粒径铀矿样中更快,且生长更稳定。实验结果可为工业性细菌浸铀生产增加铀矿石粒径,节约生产成本提供依据。     

Degradation of potassium-bearing minerals by thermophilic Aspergiilusfumigatus and its optimal conditions

Potassium fertilizer is in short supply in China. However, there is a considerable resource of insoluble potassium resources in the soil mineral or potassium-baring low-degrade rocks. Most of these kinds of potassium exist in aluminous silicate minerals from which potassium cannot be absorbed directly by plants. So it is very important to study how to release potassium from soil minerals or rocks by using biological action. Recently, a large number of researches on degradation of potassic mineral by bacterial but few by fungi have been reported. In order to study the degradation of potassic mineral by fungi, we isolated a strain of thermophilic fungi TH003, which can use potassic rock as nutrient source. The strain was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus based on its morphological characters and molecular biology. In this paper, the direct and indirect processes of mineral powder degradation with the strain of TH003 were studied： mineral powder was added in medium directly for cultivation so as to investigate the direct process. For the purpose of studying indirect process, mineral powder was wrapped up in a parcel using membrane with pore size of 0.22 μm, and then the parcels were added in the medium. The interaction between mineral granules and mycelia was observed by using TEM and AFM at different stages during the whole experimental procedure. The results showed that the effect of direct process is stronger than that of indirect process. For instance, the content of K^＋ is higher in both culture media and mycelia. Direct process includes mechanical demolishment, adsorption, parceling, phagocytosis, erosion and comprehensive effect, while indirect process only refers to erosion on the surface of mineral granules by metabolic products of mycelia. The technology of fermentation engineering was employed to study the biological effects of the strain of Aspergillus fumigatus TH003 on the minerals bating low-grade potassium. Nutrition factors and culture conditions that affect the process of mineral powder degrading with the strain of TH003 were studied in this paper. The results showed that glucose and corn steep are the optimal carbon and nitrogen resources in the strain culture medium, and that pH values range from 3.0 to 9.0.