新型导线在水电工程测量中的应用

结合山岭重丘地区的一水电工程,根据其特殊的地形条件,采用新型的导线布网形式,避免树木的大量砍伐,确保通视良好;再利用全站仪观测,按导线的严密坐标平差方法,运用MATLAB6.1软件对测量数据进行处理,计算出各控制点的坐标,得到满意的结果.     

PAKSEY大桥桥面线形的测量控制

在PAKSEY大桥的施工过程中,对节段梁的预制、节段梁的悬臂拼装以及桥面体系的施工进行了精密的测量控制,从而使桥面线形与设计线形的误差最小。     

VLBI资料处理软件系统OCCAM V6.0简介

OCCAM V6．0是在PC机上开发的一套VLBI大地测量数据处理软件。该软件用标准FORTRAN77(90)语言编写，可在Windows95以上版本和LINUX环境下的PC机上运行，其主要特点是操作简便、兼容性好、处理容量大、速度快和结果输出多样化等。随着该软件的不断改进和发展，利用OCCAM进行VLBI数据分析的学者逐渐增多，OCCAM软件的使用也日益广泛。本文简要介绍了OCCAM软件的安装、各个模块的主要功能和在运行中的注意事项，供今后OCCAM用户在使用过程中参考。     

全数字摄影测量系统DEM生产的质量控制

目前,数字高程模型(DEM)在理论研究和实践应用方面都有了很大的进展,已在测绘、地质、农业、工程、建筑、军事、导航等多个领域得到了广泛应用,因此高效快捷地生产高精度的DEM是十分必要和迫切的。全数字摄影测量系统DEM生产方案是解决这一问题的有效途径,文章针对该系统的特点,提出了加强质量控制的策略和方法,并阐述了对一些实践问题的解决。     

圆形标志中心子像素定位方法的研究与实现

采用回光反射材料制作圆形回光反射标志，经摄影后得到标志的“准二值影像”；对标志的椭圆影像进行亚像素边缘提取，经最小二乘椭圆拟合后得到标志中心的子像素级位置。试验表明，可以达到0．02像素的定位精度。     

工程测量平面坐标系统的建立

本文讨论了地面长度投影到参考椭球面及椭球面长度投影到高斯平面所引起的长度变形,并结合实例给出了几种平面直角坐标系统的实现方法,对解决平面控制测量中的投影变形问题有很好的指导意义.     

浅谈1∶500航测成图的数学精度

通过工作实践 ,论述在城市建筑区使用纯航测方法成图是无法满足其精度要求的 ,如要满足 ,则必须采用诸如全野外数据采集等辅助测量手段     

Practical Research of IKONOS-2 Geopositioning and Its Accuracy in Tibet of China

This paper presents the studies of the refining of IKONOS-2 RPC, the transform of the datum, the mode of the control point distribution and the method of IKONOS stereo triangulation, so that IKONOS imagery can be used to collect the precise geospatial data and produce the large scale map. The transform between the IKONOS-2 image space and the national coordinate system based on the RPC have been developed, and the results of block adjustment with various control schemes in a practical project near Himalayas have been examined and analysed. The encouraging results of high positioning accuracy have been obtained.     

Influence of Adoptment of Geocentric 3D Coordinate System on Chinese Existent Maps

If a geocentric 3D coordinate system is adopted in China to replace 2D non-geocentric coordinate system, the coordinates of the surface points will be changed accordingly. The influences on the current maps of China, especially the topographic maps, are discussed due to the replacement of the coordinate systems. Taking the replacement of Xi‘an 80 coordinate system by GRS80 for a numerical example, this paper analyzes the changes of latitude, longitude, Gauss plane coordinates of the surface points, as well as the orientation and the length changes between the points on the map, including the changes of map border lines and sheet corner points.     

Land-Parcel Land-Use History as a Key to Site Selection for Documenting Soil Contamination Risk： a Case Study from Australian Suburbia

In that orcharding in early-to-mid twentieth century southeastern Australia involved use of certain heavy metal and As compounds in regular pest-control spray procedures, some interest attaches to the possibility that these landparcels are underlain by soils with above-background Cu, Pb and As levels. Interpreta- tion of Land-cover changes allowed land parcels previously occupied by orchards to be identified in the 1950s through time-series air-photos. A comparison of soil analysis results referring to soil samples from control sites, and from land parcels formerly occupied by orchardists, shows that contamination （above-background） levels of cations in the pesticides can be found in the top 6 cm of former orchard soils. It is clear that digital spatial data handling and culturally-informed air photo interpretation has a place in soil contamination studies, land-use planning （with particular reference to re-development） and in administration of public health.