陕西创造盐碱土地整理新模式

传统的盐碱地治理方法就是大水压碱、排走盐碱水、整出可耕地,专家这么说,几乎所有人都认为这是唯一正确的方法。但是,在记者跟踪了10年的陕西省地产开发服务总公司卤泊滩土地整理项目的实践中,这一举世公认的方法被“革命”了。     

Landscape Dynamics and Driving Factors in Da＇an County of Jilin Province in Northeast China During 1956-2000

The landscape pattern of Da＇an County, Northeast China has undergone significant changes since the 1950s as a result of climatic change and human activities. The aim of this paper is to quantitatively study landscape pattern and its spatial dynamics of Da＇an County at the landscape level over the nearly 50-year span. Patch dynamics were examined according to land use and land cover change processes built from a series of images, as well as topographic maps, and temporal patterns built from landscape pattern metrics. The transition matrix of landscape patch types and changes of various landscape metrics were applied. The results showed that, from 1956 to 2000, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The outstanding characteristic is that saline-alkali land increased and grassland decreased. As some smaller patches amalgamated, the heterogeneity of patch decreased. All those changes were the synthetic result of both climatic and anthropogenic influences, but the predominant factor was different in different parts. In the southern part of the study area, the landscape pattern changes resulted from the modification of climate obviously, while in the northern part, the landscape pattern changes were mainly caused by human activities, such as the conversion between farmland and saline-alkali land. This phenomenon showed that human activities played more important role in the north than in the south of Da＇an County.     

溶解氧对低洼盐碱地鱼塘物质循环的影响

对黄淮海平原低洼盐碱地鱼塘中溶解氧与物质循环之间的关系进行了初步研究. 结果表明池塘水体中的溶解氧含量取决于水体中藻类的光合作用及其它生物的耗氧作用扰动的方式时间可显著改变水体中溶解氧的含量. 池塘水体中异养细菌的数量变动除与水体中的有机物质含量等有关外与水体中溶解氧的含量密切相关. 尤其在底泥中这种变化更加明显. 池塘水体中的氨化作用强度磷的转化强度明显地呈现出受水体中的溶解氧含量影响. 当水体中的溶解氧含量增加时导致细菌的现存量及活性的增加使得氨化作用强度磷的转化强度也显著增加这种情况在底泥中表现的更加明显. 池塘水体中反硝化作用强度反硫化作用强度的变化则与水体中溶解氧含量的变化相反. 当水体中溶解氧的含量减少时水体中的反硝化作用强度反硫化作用强度反而大大增加. 这种作用在底泥中表现得也非常明显.     

Quantitative Assessment of Impacts of Regional Climate and Human Activities on Saline-alkali Land Changes： A Case Study of Qian＇an County, Jilin Province

Interdecadal and interannual variations of saline-alkali land area in Qian’an County, Jilin Province, China were comprehensively analyzed in this paper by means of satellite remote sensing interpretation, field flux observations and regional climate diagnosis. The results show that on the interannual scale, the impact of climate factors accounts for 71.6% of the total variation of the saline-alkali land area, and that of human activities accounts for 28.4%. Therefore the impact of climate factors is obviously greater than that of human activities. On the interdecadal scale, the impact of climate factors on the increase of the saline-alkali land area accounts for 43.2%, and that of human activities accounts for 56.8%. The impact of human activities on the variation of saline-alkali land area is very clear on the interdecadal scale, and the negative impact of human activities on the environment should not be negligible. Besides, changes in the area of heavy saline-alkali land have some indication for development of saline-alkali land in Qian’an County.     

氯化物型盐碱地池塘底泥中水溶性盐的分布特征

1997－1999年夏天，对位于黄河下游的氯化物型盐碱地池塘底泥中的水溶性盐进行了分析。结果表明：底泥中的含盐量，SO^2-4,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 含量是随着塘龄的增加而升高，而其余离子基本不随塘龄的增加而变化。各离子的垂直分布为“泥－土”混合层的含量较低，“水－泥”交界层含量较高。     

柽柳对盐碱地生态环境的影响

<正>柽柳是一种盐生植物,具有很强的耐盐、抗旱、耐淹的生物学特征,广泛分布在内陆盐碱地和我国北方滨海湿地、滩涂,有"南有红树,北有柽柳"之说。柽柳是典型泌盐盐生植物,在盐碱地(含滨海湿地)种植形成柽柳林,不仅可以显著提高其物质生产、能量转换、气候与水分调节、水质净化、生物多样性保育、防风固沙/护堤等生态与环境功能[1-2],而且也是生物改良盐渍土的一种有效措施。种植柽     

浅论黑龙江省的土地盐碱化

一、分布概况 黑龙江省的盐碱地主要分布在松嫩平原西部低洼闭流地带，总面积1887300hm^。其中松嫩平原分布面积1744000hm：，约占松嫩平原的14％，耕地盐碱化面积为567000hm^2。其中以安达和大庆两市盐碱化最为严重。安达市有盐碱化面积153740hm^2，耕地盐碱化面积34535hm^2，草原122806hm^2。     

黄河三角洲湿地3年增长20万亩

为有效保护黄河三角洲的湿地生态平衡。近年来，国家通过采取引灌黄河水、沿海修筑围堤、增加湿地淡水存量等措施，切实增强了保护区生态系统的自身调节能力和平衡作用，改善了鸟类的生存环境。经过近3年的改造，已经有超过20万亩的盐碱地变成了湿地资源，促进了国土资源的综合利用。     

点燃希望--双城市盐碱地治理纪实

站在田间,望着一望无际的等待收获的星星草、羊草,双城市国土资源局副局长张玉波的脸上洋溢着春天般的笑意。     

盐碱地“焕发青春” 废弃地“重获新生”——望奎县建设项目不占一分田

望奎县认真落实耕地保护的基本国策，盘活存量建设用地的同时，充分利用盐碱地、废弃地上项目。今年全县9个养殖、加工项目上马，总用地面积达10．65公顷，却未占一分农田。