渤海湾盆地沙河街组钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境

渤海湾盆地沙河街组中钙质超微化石的发现,表明这一时期渤海湾盆地与海水有过联系。对钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境研究表明,化石主要产出时代为始新世晚期至渐新世早中期,属“间冰期”亚热带气候型。这一问题的深入研究,对于渤海湾盆地的石油勘探有重要意义。     

海洋生态学的研究现状与发展趋势

人类所取得的“巨大成就”,是以生态环境的破坏和资源的耗竭为代价的。人口的增加、资源的匮乏和生态环境的恶化已成为影响世界经济发展和人类生存的关键。科学家预测,到2000年大气CO_2将增加25％,如果人类对CO_2的排放不加控制,每10a全球平均气温将升高0.3℃,即人们所关心的温室效应。气温平均升高4℃时,将出现极地冰雪融化,海平面升高,沿海城市将成为     

Embryonic and larval development of Babylonia formosae habei(Altena and Gittenberger, 1981)(Gastropoda: Buccinidae) on China''s coast

The development of embryos and larvae of Babyloniaformosae habei living along the southeast coast of China is observed under laboratory conditions. The egg masses are laid by females on hard substrate at night and each capsule contains 100-500 eggs. Each egg is 250-280 mm in diameter. The fast two cleavages of the embryo are meridional and equal, and a polar lobe is produced. Larval kidney, which only consists of a single cell, appears during the gastrula stage on each side of the embryo. The right tentacle develops prior to the left one. At 25-27 ℃, an intracapsulate veliger stage is reached about 4.5 d after deposition. The larvae hatch on the fifth day as swimming veligers with a shell length of 360 -500 mm. The newly hatched larva can ingest suspended algal cells from the water column and remains in the pelagic stage for 8-10 d. The newly settled juveniles are 900-1 200 mm in shell length.     

棕囊藻的生物学概述—I．形态分类和生理生态学

海洋浮游植物棕囊藻Phaeocystis spp.在自然界常以游离单细胞和由粘胶质包裹的细胞集群体两种细胞形式轮换出现,它在世界各营养丰富的海域中无处不在,并可形成高细胞密度、暴发性繁殖及形成赤潮.rRNA基因研究数据说明,目前全世界海洋分布的Phaeocystis spp.有3个分开种,即Phaeocystis pouchetii、Phaeocystis globosa和Phaeocystis antarctica.棕囊藻奇特的生理学和生态学特征是独一无二的,它复杂的多形态变化生命循环导致海域植物性和海底食物网(如微量元素的生物地球化学)的结构与功能均发生了极大的变化.棕囊藻的生命循环体现了其主要的生态学特征,不同棕囊藻形态的生物化学和营养代谢与细菌,微型、中型和后生浮游动物的作用以及海洋环境中的物理结构均有关.在自然界,棕囊藻的生命循环中最常见和最重要的是它的集群体形态,集群体形态是一个具有整体生物学功能特征的生物实体.棕囊藻在生态系中起到重要作用的关键在于集群体形态在合成糖粘胶质的能力较强.     

城市森林生态服务功能在城市景观规划中应用的思考

回顾了景观规划的发展历程,并依据城市森林生态服务功能的内涵,指出当前国内外景观规划中存在的缺陷与不足.旨在通过对二者关系的分析,解读景观生态学理论引入规划中的功能缺失,以期重新唤起人们对于城市森林生态服务功能重要性的关注,并尝试将城市森林生态服务功能的研究成果应用于景观规划领域,为景观规划的定量化提供数据基础和科学依据.     

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的古地理意义

北祁连山东部早石炭世早期经历了一次完整的海水进退旋回。此期该区腕足动物的演化明显受控于相对海平面变化。生存环境的稳定性似乎是群落演替过程能否持久进行的基础。在影响生物群落演替的诸多因素中,底质性质及其稳定性最为重要,其次是食物供应、海水盐度和水动力强度等。各群落在时间上相互取代的主要控制因素是海水深度,与海平面的变化直接相关。而造成这一时期腕足动物群落横向变化的主要因素除了海水深度外,陆源碎屑供应量、海水循环性以及含盐度都具有十分重要的影响。本区早石炭世早期腕足动物群落的生态位介于BA1和BA2之间,缺乏BA3－BA5较深水群落（BA－Benthic Assemblage,底栖组合）,说明此期该区早石炭世早期海水深度一般不超过10米。受沉积古地理环境的制约,本区早石炭世早期BA2生态域的主要分布范围局限于东部的景泰一带,向西水体明显变浅。     

Method for evaluating the degrees of land use sustainability of mountainous county and its application in Yunnan Province,China

The evaluation of sustainable land use is the key issue in the field of studying the sustainable land utilization. In general analysis, the sustainable land use is evaluated respectively from its ecological sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability in China and other countries in recent years. Although this evaluation is an important work, it seems insufficient and hard to comprehensively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability. Thus, to make up this deficiency, this paper brings forward the evaluation indexes, which make it possible to quantitatively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability, namely, the concept of ＂degrees of overall land use sustainability＂ （Dos）, and research and measurement development of the method of and calculation in Dos. Taking the evaluation of the degree of land use sustainability in county regions of Yunnan Province as the actual example for analysis, results are basically as follows：
1） The degree of land use sustainability （Dos） is the ration index to organically and systematically integrate the degree of ecological friendliness （DeF）, the degree of economic viability （Dev） and the degree of social acceptability （Dsa）, able to comprehensively reflect the whole sustainability degree of regional land use
2） Based on the value of Dos, the grading system and standard for the sustainability of land use may be established and totally divided into five grades, namely, the high-degree sustainability, middle-degree sustainability, low-degree sustainability, conditional sustainability and non-sustainability. Meanwhile, the standard for distinguishing sustainability grades has also been confirmed so as to determine the nature of sustainability degrees in different grades. This makes the possibility for the combination of nature determination with ration in research result and provides with the scientific guideline and decision-making gist for better implementation of sustainable land use strategy.
3） The pract     

A landscape pattern analysis method based on boundaries and nodes: A case study in upper Minjiang River, China

Traditionally,patch-based analysis at the landscape scale fragmentation has been used in the study of landscape ecology while the study of boundary and node has not been considered as much detail until recently.This study investigated the possibility of applying boundary-and node-based methods in landscape pattern analysis to the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in the southwestern China.Boundary-based and node-based landscape indices were selected to be used in analyzing changes in landscape patterns,and the results were compared with analysis using traditional pattern indices.We compared the responses of patch-area-based,boundary-length-based and node-number-based indices,and concluded that boundary-based and node-based indices are more sensitive to disturbance than patch-based indices with various patterns,and node-based indices are even more sensitive than boundary-based ones.Thus,the results suggest that boundary-based and node-based pattern analysis methods provide helpful supplementary information to traditional patch-based pattern analysis methods.The results about pattern dynamics of landscapes in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River based on boundaries and nodes showed that with human disturbance,the dominance of forest landscape was weakened by other landscape types; thus the landscape pattern of the study area became more homogeneous and the boundary network became more complex.These changes further augmented disturbance interfaces in the landscape and increased the possibilities of further landscape fragmentation.     

山东南部沿海冬季小型底栖生物的初步研究

利用统计法、经验模型和多元聚类分析法和数学分析软件对2006年12月908项目冬季航次山东南部海域(36°15′—36°45′N,120°45′—122°00′E)小型底栖生物调查所获得的数据进行分析,获得该调查海域冬季小型底栖生物的平均丰度为(657.43±214.60)ind/10cm2,平均生物量为(847.15±427.63)μgdwt/10cm2,平均生产量为(7624.32±3848.64)μgdwt/(10cm2·a-1);还对N/C、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和香农-威纳指数进行了计算。与2006年8月908项目夏季航次同一海域调查数据进行了比较,得到小型底栖生物的平均丰度及其优势类群线虫丰度冬季明显低于夏季,而生物量和类群多样性与夏季相当。同时,依据丰度指标对山东南部研究海域进行了初步的生态学划分,呈现出较明显的地域性。     

中国淡水和近海鱼类的生态对策研究

通过渐近体长（Ｌ∞），渐近体重（Ｗ∞）、生长系数（Ｋ）、初次性成熟年龄（Ｔｍ）、最大年龄（Ｔｍａｘ）、瞬时自然死亡率（Ｍ）和种群繁殖力（ＰＦ）等七个生态学参数的比较，研究１９种淡水鱼类和１５种近海鱼类的生态对策。根据ｒ—选择和ｋ—选择的典型特征以及各参数间相互关系的显著性，３种鲟鱼类属ｋ—选择；牙鲆等５种近海鱼类偏向ｋ—选择；青鱼、勒氏笛鲷等９种鱼类偏向ｒ—选择；鲤、黄鲫等１７种鱼类为ｒ—选择。对ｒ－ｋ选择的资源特征及其对捕捞的反应做了分析，只有合理控制捕捞强度和起捕年龄，才能保护资源，获得较好的经济效益。