国内外旅游解说研究进展综述

本文对国外旅游解说系统研究从旅游解说的起源、原理、内涵、框架、功能、受众类型、解说方式、解说规划等方面进行了全面的总结,综合了国内旅游研究的研究现状与趋势。寻找出国内解说研究与国外解说研究的差距,借此推动国内的旅游解说系统研究,从而更好地为旅游规划、旅游业的可持续发展和游客管理服务。     

Hydrogen isotope of individual n-alkanes from modern sediments and their application to environments

Hydrogen isotopes are commonly fractionated to a much greater extent and as a result display larger variations in δ values, In terms of the hydrogen isotope ratios of individual n-alkanes of 16 samples of modern sediments selected from four different locations in the southern part of Gansu, China, the δD values for most of the n-alkanes varied from -150‰-300‰, Variations in δD also occurred between different ranges of n-alkanes, effects of environmental changes on the hydrogen isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes have been detected. Besides the δD values of n-alkanes, the δD values of lipids including pristane （Pr）, phytane （Ph） were also examined, by the combination of D/H ratios with molecular fingerprinting, Our results further support the notion that hydrogen isotopes of n-alkanes from modern sediments can act as paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental proxies and provide invaluable new sources of information in the research of paleoenvironment reconstruction.     

Speciation of sulfate components in size-fractionated aerosol particles using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES）

Sulfates are a main constituent of aerosols, which sulfate aerosols, it is necessary to determine what can cause various environmental problems sulfate ions are contained in these aerosols In the evaluation of the influence of In this study, sulfur K-edge XANES was used to determine sulfate species present in size-fractionated aerosol particles based on the post-edge structure after the main absorption peak in the XANES region. Aerosol samples were collected as part of the Japan-China joint project, ＂Asian Dust Experiment on Climate Impact＂ using a low-volume Andersen-type air sampler. XANES was measured at Beamline BL-9A at Photon Factory, Japan. A comparison of the XANES spectra of reference sulfate materials and aerosol samples collected in Tsukuba in Japan clearly showed that （NH4）2SO4 was the main sulfur species in particles with a smaller diameter and gypsum was the main sulfur species in particles with a larger diameter. A simulation of the XANES spectra by reference materials allows us to obtain the quantitative mixing ratios of the different sulfate species present in the aerosol samples. The presence of minor sulfur species other than （NH4）2SO4 and gypsum at the surface of mineral aerosols is suggested in our simulations and by a surface-sensitive conversion electron/He-ion yield XANES. In the absence of a contribution from a large dust event, the mole concentration of gypsum in the mineral aerosol fraction determined by XANES is similar to that of Ca which is determined independently using ion chromatography. This shows that the Ca and sulfate in the mineral aerosols are present only as gypsum. Considering that calcite is the main Ca mineral in the original material arising from an arid and semi-arid area in China, it is strongly suggested that gypsum is formed in aerosol during its long-range transportation by a reaction between calcite and sulfate ions.     

Effects of human activities on mercury in the environment in Xi＇an area, China

Effects of mercury on ecosystems and human health are well documented. Human activities have significant impacts on transport, transformation, and fate of mercury in the natural environment. In this study, a gold mining area （Tongchuan）, an urban area （Xi＇an）, and a historical site （Qinshihuan Tomb） in Shaanxi Province, China, was chosen to study the effects of human activities on the transport, transformation, and fate of mercury in the area. Samples of atmospheric precipitate, soil, sediment, pomegranate, corn and those from wells and the rivers that flow through or flow by the city and from the mining area were collected. The EPA methods were used for sample preparation and analysis of these samples. These methods combine acid digestion, chemical reduction, purge and trap with Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry （CVAFS）. Preliminary results showed high total mercury concentrations in the water samples collected from a river in Tongguan County. The total mercury concentrations ranged from 133 to 188 ng/L in the water samples collected from the rivers flowing through Xi＇an City. The amount of total mercury in the soil/sediment samples which were collected in the vicinity of Xi＇an ranged from 31.8 to 83.2 ng/g. The total mercury concentrations in the samples of atmospheric precipitate （including rain and snow collected from Sep. 2005 to Jan. 2006） ranged from 106-298 ng/L.     

勘察设计质量监管机制建设的五个方面内容

一是主动的自律机制 企业根据合同约定、根据国家法律法规和技术标准的规定完成勘察设计，应对勘察设计质量承担直接贫任，任何其他工作都不能替代或减轻其应有的责任，主动有效的企业自律机制是勘察设计质量管理工作的核心内容。各勘察设计单位都要建立严格有效的质量保证制度和积极的激励机制，注重人才培养和技术创新，主动配合好政府的监管。政府和行业组织也要在企业内部机制建设上，给予一定的指导和引导。     

热烈祝贺《亚热带资源与环境学报》出版

2006年3月31日，经国家新闻出版总署审核，批准《福建地理》更名为《亚热带资源与环境学报》，新编国内统一连续出版物号为：CN35—1291／N，季刊，大16开，96码，主管单位为福建省教育厅，主办单位为福建师范大学。     

世界环境日主题锁定“沙漠和荒漠化”

联合国环境规划署（UNEP）在阿尔及利亚首都阿尔及尔宣布，2006年世界环境日庆典将在这里举行。这也是世界环境日庆典首次在北非国家举行。今年世界环境日的主题是“沙漠和荒漠化”。     

实践活动：新地理课程的亮点

众所周知，地理学是研究人类生存和发展的地理环境，以及人类与地理环境关系的一门科学。它既具有科的属性，同时也具有理科的属性。但是长期以来，中学地理一直被视为科，使中学地理不能以其本来完整的面貌展现在学生面前。因此，在中学地理课程中开设地理实践活动课，意义重大、影响深远，因为这不仅涉及到学生学习方法的改革，也涉及到教师教育、教学方法的改革，更重要的是涉及到教学观念与地理观念的更新。     

“澳大利亚”一节说课设计

人教版地理七年级“澳大利亚”一节，延续了前几章国家地理的编写体例：第一，打破了对自然和人地理的面画俱到，突出国家特有的自然环境及经济发展特点；第二，把人与环境的关系作为主线，为培养学生综合分析地理事物的能力创造条件；第三，教材安排了相当数量的活动，通过探究完成教材的三个组成部分：世界活化石博物馆、骑在羊背上的国家和坐在矿车上的国家。根据地理新课标、教材和学生的学习特点及发展要求，结合学生已有的知识水平，学习目标设计如下：