雾霾“大考”,辽宁率先交出“答卷”

正2013年入冬以来,北方很多城市出现严重空气污染,京津冀等地区持续雾霾天气,笼罩在一片浓浓的雾霾之中,最严重的能见度不足十米,甚至连红绿灯都无法看清。为应对空气污染情况,北京、天津、河北、山东等地区对淘汰拆除燃煤锅炉将采取更严格的措施,禁止销售使用高硫煤炭和焦炭。     

早期的地球没有冻结之谜

把时钟拨回到大约40亿年前,回到太古代(Archean),当时的太阳光线比现在要弱大约30%。这样就存在一个问题:太阳虽然为地球提供了热量,但不足以避免海洋结     

温室气体的作用不可小觑

对于南极冰芯记录资料,全球变暖怀疑论者喜爱的一个简单解释是:在全球走出上一个冰期的变暖进程中,二氧化碳只起到了微弱的甚至无足轻重的作用。但是,有关上个冰期结束时首个连续的、近乎全球的气温记录显示,二氧化碳的确对全球变暖起到了促进作用。有关南极冰芯的问题在于:冰芯记录的气温上升早于二氧化碳浓度的上升。这是气候变暖怀疑论者质疑温室气体引起全球变暖的原因之一。然而,气候科学家们知道,没有任何一个地区能够代表全球的气候趋势。因此,哈佛大学的Jeremy Shakun及     

广东省温室气体监测平台建设前期工作进展与存在问题

简要概括了近年依托广东省发改委低碳发展专项与中国气象局气候变化基础能力建设等项目取得的重要研究进展。摸清了广东省温室气体观测的现状,对广东省温室气体现有观测数据进行了对比分析和质量评估;对温室气体观测质控方法进行研究,基本掌握了观测标准传递、标校方法流程;基于气候相似性理论初步确定了可代表广东省温室气体监测的4个区域代表站与21个地市级子站的站址;掌握了利用卫星遥感资料反演广东省对流层CO2柱浓度的技术方法;移植并掌握了CarbonTracker-2010模式及其评估方法,建立了可应用于广东的碳源汇模式系统;初步引进了气候经济综合评估模式(RICE);建立了可实时显示的温室气体可视化系统平台。目前,与我国其他"五省八市"低碳试点省市相比,广东省温室气体监测站网建设已存在明显差距,急待理顺现有观测站存在的问题,并按WMO观测规范,建立标校体系,加强数据质控与技术队伍建设。     

Influencing factors of gas content evaluation for shale gas： a case study of Lower Paleozoic Wuling fold belt in Upper Yangtze Basin

Factors of shale gas accumulation can be divided into the external and internal factors, according to accumulation mechanism and characteristics of shale gas. The internal factors mainly refer to parameters of organic geochemistry, mineral components and physical parameters. Six factors were presented in this study, i. e. organic matter, maturity, quartz, carbonate, clay mineral and pore. The external factors mainly refer to geologic environment of shale gas reservoir, including four factors： temperature, pressure, depth and thickness. Based on the experiment results of 26 samples of drilling cores from Wuling fold belt in Lower Paleozoic Silurian of the Upper Yangtze Basin, combined with the integrated analysis of geology, logging and test, the correlation of the gas content of shale gas to the above-mentioned ten factors was concluded. Six important evaluation indicators were preliminarily established in the gas-bearing core area of marine shale in the Upper Yangtze Basin.     

《气候变化研究进展》征稿细则

<正>1.《气候变化研究进展》是受国家气候委员会委托,由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物.2.本刊设有"气候系统变化"、"气候变化影响"、"气候变化适应"、"温室气体排放"、"对策论坛"、"渊查研究"和"简汛"等栏目,并定期就某一专题组稿、约稿,以专栏形式发表.综述类论文以约稿为主,一般不接受自由投稿.     

Verifying Fossil-Fuel Carbon Dioxide Emissions Forecasted by an Artificial Neural Network with the GEOS-Chem Model

In this study, the authors developed an en- semble of Elman neural networks to forecast the spatial and temporal distribution of fossil-fuel emissions （ff） in 2009. The authors built and trained 29 Elman neural net- works based on the monthly average grid emission data （1979-2008） from different geographical regions. A three-dimensional global chemical transport model, God- dard Earth Observing System （GEOS）-Chem, was applied to verify the effectiveness of the networks. The results showed that the networks captured the annual increasing trend and interannual variation of ff well. The difference between the simulations with the original and predicted ff ranged from -1 ppmv to 1 ppmv globally. Meanwhile, the authors evaluated the observed and simulated north-south gradient of the atmospheric CO2 concentrations near the surface. The two simulated gradients appeared to have a similar changing pattern to the observations, with a slightly higher background CO2 concentration, - 1 ppmv. The results indicate that the Elman neural network is a useful tool for better understanding the spatial and tem- poral distribution of the atmospheric C02 concentration and ft.