高精度水准仪Ni002A的结构特点分析

Ni002A是东德蔡司厂在Ni002水准仪的基础上进行改型的产品，它在八十年代初期进行研制，1985年开始批量生产，目前这种仪器我国已有引进，但数量不多。改型后的Ni002A它以结构新颖、工艺先进、设计独特、精度稳定、重量轻、作业方便等优点，再次赢得世界各国大地测量界和测量仪研究工作者的广泛称颂。     

浙江省标准计量管理局授权通知

根据国家技术监督局《计量授权管理办法》的规定，经浙江省标准计量管理局考核合格，省标准计量管理局已于1994年5月9号发出《关于计量检定授权的通知》（浙标计发（1994）第83号文）。通知决定授权浙江省测绘局测绘器具检定所（杭州教工路24号）在全省测绘系统范围内开展国内外经纬仪，精密水准仪和光学平板仪等类测绘仪器的计量检定业务。     

The Relative Impact of Regional Scale Land Cover Change and Increasing CO2 over China

A series of 17-yr equilibrium simulations using the NCAR CCM3 (T42 resolution) were performed to investigate the regional scale impacts of land cover change and increasing CO2 over China. Simulations with natural and current land cover at CO2 levels of 280,355, 430, and 505 ppmv were conducted. Results show statistically significant changes in major climate fields (e.g. temperature and surface wind speed) on a 15-yr average following land cover change. We also found increases in the maximum temperature and in the diurnal temperature range due to land cover change. Increases in CO2 affect both the maximum and minimum temperature so that changes in the diurnal range are small. Both land cover change and CO2 change also impact the frequency distribution of precipitation with increasing CO2 tending to lead to more intense precipitation and land cover change leading to less intense precipitation-indeed, the impact of land cover change typically had the opposite effect versus the impacts of CO2. Our results provide support for the inclusion of future land cover change scenarios in long-term transitory climate inodelling experiments of the 21st Century. Our results also support the inclusion of land surface models that can represent future land cover changes resulting from an ecological response to natural climate variability or increasing CO2. Overall, we show that land cover change can have a significant impact on the regional scale climate of China, and that regionally, this impact is of a similar magnitude to increases in CO2 of up to about 430 ppmv. This means that that the impact of land cover change must be accounted for in detection and attribution studies over China.     

光学测微器的原理、检定及误差分析

着重讨论了高精度光学测微器的基本工作原理、检定方法及误差分析。     

正交实验法在测绘中的应用

以检测数字水准仪及标尺综合精度为例，介绍了正交实验法在测绘领域中的应用。     

正交实验法在测绘仪器检定中的应用

在测绘生产和科研项目中，为了改革旧工艺或对新仪器，新产品,经常需要做多因素实验，如何安排多因素实验，是一个很值得研究的问题，文中以数字水准仪及标尺综合精度的检定为例，介绍了正交实验法在测绘仪器检定中的应用。     

数字水准仪的试验结果及其分析

从数字水准仪的基本原理出发，论述数字水准仪有别于光学水准仪的新特点。针对这些新特点，作者以徕卡NA3003和蔡司DiNi12两种型号的数字水准仪为例进行了检测试验。试验结果表明，这两种型号的仪器在精度上均能满足GB12897－91国家水准测量规范的要求。     

大跨径桥梁挠度观测方法评述

论述大跨径桥梁挠度观测的主要原理和方法，对各种观测方法从测量精度、测量速度和测量范围等方面进行深入的分析与比较，指出各种方法的应用范围和特点。     

数字水准仪使用中的几个问题

通过对数字水准仪各项功能的测试，本文提出了使用数字水准仪观测精密水准的注意事项，并对各种误差作出了定量分析，可为提高数字水准仪的观测精度提供有益帮助。