The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO简

The characteristic changes of South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） for the period January 1979 to December 2011, during which the 1990s Pacific pan-decadal variability （PDV） interdecadal regime shifts occurred, were examined. Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis was applied to the monthly mean SSTA for two sub-periods： January 1979 to December 1994 （P 1） and January 1996 to December 2011 （P2）. Both the spatial and temporal features of the leading EOF mode for P1 and P2 showed a remarkable difference. The spatial structure of the leading EOF changed from a tripolar pattern for P 1 （EOF-P 1） to a dipole-like pattern for P2 （EOF-P2）. Besides, EOF-P 1 （EOF-P2） had significant spectral peaks at 4.6 yr （2.7 yr）. EOF-P2 not only had a closer association with E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, but also showed a faster response to ENSO than EOF-P1 based on their lead-lag relationships with ENSO. During the development of ENSO, the South Pacific SSTA associated with ENSO for both PI and P2 showed a significant eastward propagation. However, after the peak of ENSO, EOF-P1 showed a stronger persistence than EOF-P2, which still showed eastward propagation. The variability of the SSTA associated with the whole process of ENSO evolution during P1 and the SSTA associated with the development of ENSO during P2 support the existence of ocean-to-atmosphere forcing, but the SSTA associated with the decay of ENSO shows the phenomenon of atmosphere-to-ocean forcing.     

岷江上游干扰岸坡主要表生地质灾害分布特征及成因浅析

岷江上游地处我国著名的南北向地震带的中段，因其特定的地质环境导致区内表生地质灾害极为严重。通过对岷江上游（汶川以上）河段的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等表生地质灾害的调查研究，其分布沿岷江两岸具有明显的分段特征与河谷地貌分段基本一致，它们形成发展与特定地形地貌、易崩滑或软弱地层、特殊的构造部位、降雨等密切相关。     

利用应力场预测热液区域——以TAG区为例

本文根据TAG区的钻探资料及岩心测试结果,建立了双层地质模型,在此基础上利用ANSYS应力软件并结合TAG热液区的地形数据对该区进行应力模拟。结果表明:热液喷口区域与最大水平应力低值区有较好的对应关系。其中仍处于活动状态的TAG丘状体区呈现明显的局部最大水平应力低值;而已经停止活动并且不具有典型喷口地形的MIR丘状体区域则处于最大水平应力的非封闭低值区域。据此,本文在TAG丘状体区域圈定了5个喷口可能区域,钻探结果揭示区内存在较好的矿化和蚀变现象,表明应力场预测法可能是一种有效的成矿预测方法。     

三维场景实时建模中地形生成算法优化

通过分析三维场景实时渲染中视点无关与视点相关地形生成算法的性能,提出了优化的视点相关地形生成算法。此算法主要针对地形拆分、可视精度计算、观察视点距离计算、以及地形可见性裁剪这4个方面的策略做出了详细的阐述。并以渲染精度为衡量标准,通过实验对比分析了优化后的视点相关地形生成算法与视点无关地形生成算法的性能。除此之外,以渲染效率为标准,通过实验分析对比了优化后的视点相关地形生成算法与原视点相关地形生成算法的性能,并给出了一个运用此优化算法构建的三维地形模型。     

2004年苏门答腊地震前后海面高趋势的变化

利用苏门答腊附近海域T/P、Jason-1测高卫星近20年的海面高连续观测资料,分别计算了该区域(80°E~105°E,5°S~20°N)在2004年苏门答腊大地震前后的海面高变化趋势,并与该区域对应时间段GRACE重力卫星反演的地表质量迁移结果进行比较。研究结果表明,由卫星测高观测资料估算的震区地震前后海平面趋势的变化与卫星重力反演结果基本一致。由于卫星测高沿轨观测具有高精度、高时空分辨率的特性,卫星测高资料估算的海平面趋势变化可以更为准确地反映震区海平面变化的局部特征。还对该区域震后形变特征进行了初步分析。     

黄土高原西部兰州市郊地貌驱动的土壤水分变化及对植物的影响分析

选择黄土高原造林的主要模式,即梯田、水平沟、鱼鳞坑和台地等,并按照阴阳坡向,栽植树种等的不同,采用中子水分仪每10 d测定土壤水分一次,对各种造林模式下土壤水分进行了长期的监测研究,研究结果表明：在春季植物萌发之前,无植物生长影响的情况下,土壤水分含量阴坡高于阳坡,南山与北山同坡向相比,南山的水分条件要好于北山;4月中旬以后,受植物生长消耗的影响,北山的水分含量大于南山,南山的水分波动则大于北山;鱼鳞坑、水平沟都具有一定的集水保水作用,但这种集水的作用与降水量的大小有关,水平沟由于面积较大,表面覆膜集水效果更好;阴坡梯田由外向内随着距离的增加,水分呈现逐渐增加的趋势,梯田内侧达到最大.     

An explanation of the large PGA value of 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake at 51BXD station through topographic analysis

In Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake, a large amount of strong ground motion recordings were collected. In this paper, we analyze the recordings carefully. The abnor- mality of ground motion recordings is identified through a log linear regression. In the station of 51BXD, the PGA value has exceeded 1 g, which is the biggest peak ground acceleration （PGA） value obtained from all recordings in this earthquake. The log linear relation shows the PGA value in this station is abnormally large. As this station is located on the footage of a hill, the topographic amplifi- cation factor is explored in order to explain this abnor- mality. Through 3D numerical modeling using spectral element method with transmitting boundary conditions, the amplification factor is quantized. In this station, the topo- graphic amplification is highly polarized in the direction of East-West which agrees with the empirical recordings. This research result suggests us in future directionality of topographic amplification should be considered in the aseismic design.     

湖北省中尺度试验区地形对气象要素场的综合影响

本文分析了试验区特殊地形的热力、动力作用,得到了与地形尺度相当的平均意义下的地形风环流系统,揭露了它的演变规律及散度场的时空特点,发现地形风辐合场与试验区降水有关。最后讨论了试验区温压距平场的时空特征和试验区地形对气象要素场的综合影响。     

南沙群岛岛礁地形地貌TM影像特征分析

根据南沙海区的地形地貌特征，利用TM图像，对不同的珊瑚礁、珊瑚沙发育状况和岛礁的地质特征与生态特征进行了分析，研究了水下礁、滩的物质组份、发育程度及TM影像特征，提出了30m以浅岛礁分类方法，查清了南沙海域岛、礁、滩、沙的形态和分布，细化并完善了南沙群岛岛礁分类。