On Multi-Timescale Variability of Temperature in China in Modulated Annual Cycle Reference Frame

The traditional anomaly (TA) reference frame and its corresponding anomaly for a given data span changes with the extension of data length. In this study, the modulated annual cycle (MAC), instead of the widely used climatological mean annual cycle, is used as an alternative reference frame for computing climate anomalies to study the multi-timescale variability of surface air temperature (SAT) in China based on homogenized daily data from 1952 to 2004. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method is used to separate daily SAT into a high frequency component, a MAC component, an interannual component, and a decadal-to-trend component. The results show that the EEMD method can reflect historical events reasonably well, indicating its adaptive and temporally local characteristics. It is shown that MAC is a temporally local reference frame and will not be altered over a particular time span by an extension of data length, thereby making it easier for physical interpretation. In the MAC reference frame, the low frequency component is found more suitable for studying the interannual to longer timescale variability (ILV) than a 13-month window running mean, which does not exclude the annual cycle. It is also better than other traditional versions (annual or summer or winter mean) of ILV, which contains a portion of the annual cycle. The analysis reveals that the variability of the annual cycle could be as large as the magnitude of interannual variability. The possible physical causes of different timescale variability of SAT in China are further discussed.     

2004年北半球大气环流及对中国气候异常的影响

20 0 4年上半年,赤道中、东太平洋大气、海洋状况总体上处于正常状态。7月以来,赤道中、东太平洋海表温度明显增暖;2 0 0 4年西太平洋副热带高压持续偏强,夏季西伸脊点位置偏东、脊线位置偏北;6月上中旬贝加尔湖以西地区50 0hPa高度场偏高,7月中旬和8月中旬贝加尔湖地区高度场偏高;2 0 0 4年南海季风爆发时间接近常年,南亚夏季风偏强;青藏高原50 0hPa高度场偏高,冬季积雪较常年稍偏多;2 0 0 4年上半年,赤道太平洋对流活动普遍受到抑制,7月后期开始,1 6 0°W以西海域上空对流活动较常年明显增强。2 0 0 4年中国气候异常可能是下垫面热力异常和大气环流异常共同作用的结果。     

塔里木盆地气候变化的季节差异

利用塔里木盆地周边21个气象站1961-2000年月平均气温和降水量资料,对年和四季的基本气候特征、冷暖干湿阶段、年代际变化、异常冷暖、气候突变和变化趋势等进行了分析。结果表明：40 a来该区域气候变化存在明显的季节差异,年平均及冬季平均气温、年及夏季降水呈现显著的增加趋势;冬季气温于1978年发生了由冷到暖的气候突变;年与四季存在不同的冷暖、干湿气候阶段和异常年份。     

我国长江黄河两流域旱涝规律成因与预测研究的进展、成果与问题

本文综述了“我国长江黄河两流域旱涝规律成因与预测研究”项目这三年来所取得的研究进展。本项目对于这两流域旱涝发生的年代际、年际以及季节内变化规律及发生的环流条件进行分析,同时对于这两流域旱涝成因提出了初步看法,指出热带西太平洋暖池热力状态与暖池上空的积云对流活动的强弱以及青藏高原上空的对流活动是影响这两流域旱涝的主要原因。本研究还利用大气环流模式对这两流域旱涝发生及其环流条件进行数值模拟以及进行预测试验。 本文还对项目研究所存在的问题进行分析,以便取得更高水平的研究成果。     

＇97气候异常与不听话的“圣婴”

1997年．正当入们陶醉在暖冬的愉悦之际,老天爷却一反常态．奇寒、酷暑、飓风、暴雨接踵而来;地球患了重“感冒”,全球范围内忽玲忽热,时风时雨;大面积的持续干旱殃及数十个国家,接着又暴雨倾盆,洪水到处泛滥;火山爆发,地震频频登台亮相;虫害肆虐．流行疫病盛行等连续袭击着世界各地．我国也深受其害。     

走近“圣婴”——谈谈厄尔尼诺现象

去年3月,我国国家气候中心根据对厄尔尼诺的监测资辩和预测模式,在“ENSO监测简报”中指出：在赤道地区中、东太平洋的海温有转暖趋势。4月．又明确提出未来2～5个月内可能发生厄尔尼诺现象。到了5月,正式发布新的厄尔尼诺已形成消息。以后-世界各地气候异常变化的各种报道不断传来,证实去年出现一次本世纪最明显的厄尔尼诺现象。南美太平洋沿岸,沿海沙漠地区暴雨成     

The effects of the thermal anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau and its vicinities on climate variability in China

The evident effects of the thermal anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its vicinities are summarized and discussed in this paper. By the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique and numerical simulations of the effect of the snow depth anomaly over the TP, it is shown that the snow depth anomaly, especially in winter, is one of the factors influencing precipitation in China, and the winter snow anomaly is more important than the spring one. The relations between the sensible heat anomaly over the TP and the intensity of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) are studied, too, and two key areas of the sensible heat anomaly over the TP are found. The relationships between the South Asia High (SAH). and the precipitation in the years with typical droughts or floods in the mid to lower valleys of the Yangtze River (MLVYR) and North China are investigated in some detail. It is found that not only the intensity of the SAH over the TP, but also the 100-hPa height in a large area influences the precipitation in the above two regions. The effects of the SAH on the onsets of the tropical Asian summer monsoon (TASM) including the SCSSM and the tropical Indian summer monsoon (TISM) are studied as well. It is found that the onset times of both the SCSSM and the TISM are highly dependent upon the latitudinal position of the SAH center.     

发展低碳经济，我们能做什么？

气候问题已经成为一个重要的国际议题。二氧化碳等温室性气体的大量排放导致全球气温升高,使人类面临严峻的生态环境危机。近几年来全球持续性气候异常,更像是大自然对人类行为的     

北半球夏季亚洲—北太平洋间大气质量迁移规律及其与气候异常的联系

通过构建海陆间大气质量迁移(MAMLO,Migration of Atmospheric Mass over regions between Lands and Oceans)指数,对北半球夏季亚洲—北太平洋上空大气质量的迁移规律及其与气候异常的联系进行了研究。结果表明:在北半球中高纬亚洲大陆和中低纬北太平洋上空异常大气质量呈现反相变化。夏季MAMLO指数总体呈缓慢下降的趋势,同时还具有准3 a振荡周期以及显著的年代际变化特征。亚洲大陆中高纬地表气压变化与北太平洋低纬气压变化的反相关关系主要归因于:异常大气质量环流;海陆异常加热对比;Rossby波能传播。MAMLO与欧亚、太平洋地区夏季气候异常关系密切,尤其在中国地区。MAMLO为正(负)时,中国大体呈现出北方降水偏多(偏少)南方降水偏少(偏多)、北方偏冷(偏暖)南方偏暖(偏冷)的空间分布。     

西北东部气候异常特征及其对冬季高原感热的响应

利用1960—2000年西北东部100个测站,经过面积权重区域平均的降水、气温资料,对该区域气候异常进行分析。结果表明：①对异常旱涝年,亚洲西风带环流及西太平洋副热带高压的位置最为关键。异常涝年,亚洲地区经向环流占优势,东亚大槽偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏北;异常旱年,亚洲地区纬向环流占优势,东亚大槽偏西,西太平洋副热带高压偏南。②对异常冷暖年,极涡、西风带环流以及西太平洋副热带高压的状况最为关键。气温异常偏高年,北半球极涡强度及亚洲极涡强度均偏弱,欧亚地区盛行纬向环流,西太平洋副热带高压面积偏大,强度明显偏强,西伸脊点明显偏西,位置偏北;气温异常偏低年,北半球极涡强度及亚洲极涡强度均偏强,欧亚地区盛行经向环流,西太平洋副热带高压面积偏小,强度明显偏弱,西伸脊点明显偏东,位置偏南。③冬季高原感热与滞后一个季度的夏季降水、气温的相关较春季的相关更好。