基于地表温度-植被指数特征空间的区域土壤水分反演

针对目前西北地区广泛存在的农业干旱问题,选取了新疆塔里木盆地北缘渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,选择云量较少的两幅TM影像,建立地表温度-植被指数特征空间。首先利用线性方程拟合了特征空间的上下边界,比较利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)建立的地表温度-植被指数特征空间Ts/NDVI和利用改进型土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)构建的地表温度-植被指数特征空间Ts/MSAVI形状的差异,并计算得到两种温度植被干旱指数(Temperature vegetation dryness index-TVDI,分别为TVDIN和MTVDI)。对TVDI与同期野外不同深度的实测土壤重量含水量数据进行回归分析,建立TVDI估测土壤水分的经验模型并对模型进行验证。研究结果表明,TVDIN和MTVDI均能够反演表层土壤水分,其中MTVDI与土壤水分相关性比TVDIN与土壤水分相关性要高,MTVDI能够更好地反映区域土壤水分状况,是一种更有效的土壤水分监测方法,对农业干旱监测具有一定的科学依据。     

宁夏植被覆盖动态变化及与气候因子的关系

利用1999-2009年的SPOT-VGT NDVI数据,计算出宁夏近11 a来的植被覆盖度,对其变化特征进行了研究,结合同期气象观测资料,从空间上分析了植被覆盖度与区域气候因子之间的关系。结果表明,南部六盘山区和北部引黄灌区植被覆盖度高,而中部干旱带等地区的植被覆盖度较低,但中部干旱带却有较高的绝对变化率;从时间变化来看,近11 a来宁夏大部分地区的植被覆盖度在逐年增加。植被覆盖度的变化与气候因子有关,除引黄灌区和六盘山林区外,中部干旱带等地的植被覆盖度与降水呈正相关,区域气候的干湿波动,影响了植被覆盖度的高低;在有灌溉保障条件的农业垦殖区,植被覆盖度还与气温呈正相关,即有效积温的增加,会促进农作物生长,从而导致区域植被的覆盖度提高。     

Vegetation greenness modeling in response to climate change for Northeast Thailand

In Northeast Thailand, the climate change has resulted in erratic rainfall and tem- perature patterns. The region has experienced both periods of drought and seasonal floods with the increasing severity. This study investigated the seasonal variation of vegetation greenness based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） in major land cover types in the region. An assessment of the relationship between climate patterns and vegeta- tion conditions observed from NDVI was made. NDVI data were collected from year 2001 to 2009 using multi-temporal Terra MODIS Vegetation Indices Product （MOD13Q1）. NDVI pro- files were developed to measure vegetation dynamics and variation according to land cover types. Meteorological information, i.e. rainfall and temperature, for a 30 year time span from 1980 to 2009 was analyzed for their patterns. Furthermore, the data taken from the period of 2001-2009, were digitally encoded into GIS database and the spatial patterns of monthly rainfall and temperature maps were generated based on kriging technique. The results showed a decreasing trend in NDVI values for both deciduous and evergreen forests. The highest productivity and biomass were observed in dry evergreen forests and the lowest in paddy fields. Temperature was found to be increasing slightly from 1980 to 2009 while no significant trends in rainfall amounts were observed. In dry evergreen forest, NDVI was not correlated with rainfall but was significant negatively correlated with temperature. These re- sults indicated that the overall productivity in dry evergreen forest was affected by increasing temperatures. A vegetation greenness model was developed from correlations between NDVI and meteorological data using linear regression. The model could be used to observe the change in vegetation greenness and dynamics affected by temperature and rainfall.     

归一化水汽指数与地表温度的关系

城市热岛的遥感研究,传统上主要利用归一化植被指数作为指标来评估地表温度-植被之间的关系。本研究探讨了以归一化水汽指数作为评估其与地表温度关系的适应性,比较了归一化水汽指数和归一化植被指数在表达城市热岛效应方面的效力。利用"单窗算法"和3个不同时段的TM/ETM+数据获取了珠江三角洲核心区域的地表温度分布图,分析了两种指数与地表温度之间的关系。对局部区域逐像元和对区域总体分析的结果表明:不同时段的地表温度与归一化水汽指数之间均存在较强的线性关系,而地表温度与归一化植被指数之间的线性关系相对较弱。说明在城市化的环境下,与传统上常用归一化植被指数作为指标来定量分析地表温度相比,归一化水汽指数提供了一种互补的、甚至更加有效的衡量指标。     

基于偏振植被指数的植被-土壤混合像元室内实验研究

混合像元是遥感影像中普遍存在的一种现象,对其组成和各成分比例的反演一直是遥感研究中的重难点,而国内利用偏振植被指数对混合像元的研究几乎没有涉及。本次研究通过对不同面积比例的植被-土壤混合像元偏振反射高光谱特征进行分析,讨论不同条件下的植被-土壤混合像元偏振高光谱特性,并利用偏振反射比计算了12种0°偏振态下的偏振植被指数,分别构建了植被指数与植被面积比例以及光谱特征参数与植被面积比例的数学模型。结果表明,混合像元中植被面积比例和偏振角均对其偏振高光谱有一定的影响;865 nm的偏振反射比与植被占像元面积比例的相关性最好,采用多项式进行拟合时,其决定系数达到0.99,适合进行植被占像元面积比例的反演;偏振光谱“红边”处的一阶微分值与植被像元比例存在良好的线性相关,R²=0.974;植被面积比例与植被指数和光谱特征参数呈现良好的相关关系,其中P-DVI和光谱吸收指数（SAI）与植被面积比例的拟合效果最好,决定系数分别为0.99以及0.94,适合进行植被-土壤混合像元中植被面积比例的反演。     

华北平原蒸散和GPP格局及其对气候波动的响应

华北平原水资源不足影响农业和经济的可持续发展,威胁国家的粮食安全。有效地预测区域的蒸散量和用水效率是合理配置农业和生态用水的前提。本文发展了一个基于遥感植被指数的蒸散和植被生产力模型,利用MODIS遥感信息模拟了华北平原2000-2009 年的蒸散和第一性生产力(GPP)。结果表明,年和生长季累积蒸散和GPP的分布具有纬度地带性,冬小麦季则更为明显。水分盈亏分析表明,降水显著低于蒸散的地区主要分布在黄河流域以北,南部地区降水有盈余。年尺度上,黄河以北地区水分亏缺0~300 mm;在小麦生长发育期,几乎全区水分亏缺0~400 mm;在玉米生长发育期,黄河以北地区水分亏缺0~100 mm。此外,蒸散和GPP的年际变化明显,既受气候波动的影响,也受植被的动态响应调节。     

基于熵权法的土地覆被动态遥感监测与评价——以新疆伊犁地区和博州为例

基于MODIS数据,选取植被净第一性生产力(NPP)、温度植被旱情指数(TVDI)、改进型土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)、陆地表面温度(LST)4个对干旱地区地表覆被具有显著指示作用的指标,结合IGBP土地利用类型分类图,以新疆伊犁地区和博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(简称博州)为例,对研究区2003—2007年土地覆被动态进行监测,并利用熵权法确定各个指标的权重,在此基础上进行土地覆被动态的综合评价。结果表明,不同指标对不同的土地利用类型具有不同的适宜性和指示度;在新疆伊犁地区和博州,土地覆被动态地域差异性明显,土地覆被退化程度较大的土地类型为水体、草地、永久湿地、城镇,而森林、灌木林、荒漠草原和农田等土地类型有所改善,呈现出“局部改善、总体退化”的局面;引用熵权法将多个遥感指标综合起来进行土地覆被动态的监测与评价的途径是可行且有效的,可为干旱区土地覆被、荒漠化、土地退化、植被变化等工作的监测与评价提供可靠的技术方法与有价值的案例。     

Vegetation change of ecotone in west of Northeast China plain using time-series remote sensing data

Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the ecotone in the west of the Northeast China Plain. The yearly and monthly maximal values,anomalies and change rates of NDVI and NDWI were calculated to reveal the interannual and seasonal changes in vegetation cover and vegetation water content. Linear regression method was adopted to characterize the trends in vegetation change. The yearly maximal NDVI decreased from 0.41 in 1998 to 0.37 in 2007,implying the decreasing trend of vegetation activity. There was a significant decrease of maximal NDVI in spring and summer over the study period,while an increase trend was observed in autumn. The vegetation-improved regions and vegetation-degraded regions occupied 17.03% and 20.30% of the study area,respectively. The maximal NDWI over growing season dropped by 0.027 in 1998–2007,and about 15.15% of the study area showed a decreasing trend of water content. Vegetation water stress in autumn was better than that in spring. Vegetation cover and water content variations were sensitive to annual precipitation,autumn precipitation and summer temperature. The vegetation degradation trend in this ecotone might be induced by the warm-drying climate especially continuous spring and summer drought in the recent ten years.     

WorldView-2近红外光谱波段反演马尾松植被信息的比较研究

WorldView-2卫星自2009年发射至今,已为用户提供了大量高性能的影像产品。与众多高分辨率卫星影像不同,WorldView-2有2个近红外波段,即近红外1(Near-infrared1,NIR1)和近红外2(Near-infrared2,NIR2),但目前这2个波段在应用上的区别并不清楚。因此,本文以福建省长汀县河田地区的马尾松林为例,采用NIR1和NIR2这2个近红外波段分别构建了3种植被指数(NDVI、ARVI和NDMVI),以探索二者在植被信息反演方面的差异。结果表明,NIR1构建的植被指数在马尾松林提取精度上高于NIR2,并具有更丰富的植被信息量。经统计可知,NIR1所构建的植被指数信息量比NIR2分别大8.0%(NDVI)、12.3%(ARVI)和7.3%(NDMVI);在反演植被覆盖度方面,NIR1也比NIR2具有更高的精度,其模拟的植被覆盖度与实际植被覆盖度的拟合度更高,误差更小。NIR1和NIR2所表现出的差异是因为马尾松在这2个近红外波段的光谱反射不同,其反射在NIR1的波长范围内达到最强,而在NIR2的波长范围内则出现了小幅下降。     

黄土高原地区NDVI与气候因子空间尺度依存性及非平稳性研究

基于MODIS传感器的植被指数产品(MOD13Q1)及50年气候数据,通过地理加权回归与普通最小二乘回归模型对比,对中国黄土高原地区NDVI与气候因子间的空间尺度依存性及非平稳性进行研究,以期准确建立二者间关系.结果表明:① 研究区域内,NDVI与气候因子间存在很强的空间尺度依存关系,相同空间尺度下,年均降水较年均温对NDVI影响的波动性更大;② 与普通最小二乘回归模型相比,地理加权回归模型能够更准确地展现二者间关系;③气候因子对该地区NDVI的影响差异明显,降水存在直接正向影响,而温度的影响则较复杂;④ NDVI与气候因子间沿东北--西南的分布格局体现出区域内不同植被--气候区差异特征.二者间的异质情况还反映出除气候外,人类活动,地形等其他因素对NDVI的影响.