基于ROSE2.0的普洱地区CINRAD/CC雷达冰雹探测算法评估及参数本地化

为提高冰雹探测算法（Hail Detection Algorithm,HDA）产品的可用性,针对2015—2020年普洱地区监测到的22次冰雹个例,利用新一代雷达业务应用软件ROSE2.0对相关雷达基数据进行回放及产品分析,以命中率、虚警率、临界成功指数为指标对HDA算法在普洱地区的识别效果进行评估并给出本地化参数配置方案。结果表明:HDA算法在普洱地区命中率接近100%,但虚警现象非常普遍,使用强冰雹概率（Probability of Severe Hail,POSH）的预警效果优于任意大小冰雹概率（Probability of Hail,POH）,且冰雹尺寸越大POSH虚警的概率越低。进一步使用模拟测评法对POSH算法的适配参数进行分析,发现正确输入降雹日当天的0 ℃层和-20 ℃层高度能有效减少POSH的虚警率及提高临界成功指数;同时使算法预测的最大冰雹直径普遍偏大的情况得到控制,其中,中小冰雹直径偏离百分比减小76.07%,改善效果显著高于大冰雹。此外,增大反射率因子及POSH阈值能有效控制虚警,但也导致漏报次数快速增加,当阈值太大时命中率明显降低,为了保证较高的命中率和临界成功指数,选择Z=50 dBz或POSH=70%为阈值能明显改善HDA算法的识别效果。     

Impacts of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Vertical Structure on Haze Pollution Observed by Tethered Balloon and Lidar

In this paper, the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) vertical structure over the North China Plain(NCP) during a comprehensive observation experiment conducted during 15–21 December 2018 were investigated. Observational data were obtained with a large tethered balloon, Doppler wind lidar, and ground-level instruments. The maximum concentration of PM_2.5 exceeded 200 μg m^-3, and the ratio of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ was approximately 0.4(its maxi-mum was approximately 0.8) during the whole observation period, indicating the explosive growth of dominant fine-mode aerosols in the winter heating season. Elevated concentrations of pollutants decreased the solar irradiance received by the ground, resulting in lower temperature at ground level. Our results illustrate three distinct types of vertical profiles: Type 1(convective state)—the concentration of PM_2.5 decreased nearly linearly with increase of the height below approximately 600 m;Type 2(stable state)—the PM_2.5 concentration sharply decreased from the ground to approximately 200 m;and Type 3(multilayer structure)—some pollutants were suspended aloft in the upper air layer. Diurnal evolution of the vertical profiles of PM_2.5 and their relationship with the changes in meteorological factors were identified. From daytime to nighttime, the vertical profiles evolved from Type 1 to Type 2 or Type 3. All the 33 vertical PM_2.5 profiles that we obtained showed a strong relationship with elements of the ABL structure, such as the distributions of winds, the inversion layer, and turbulence activities. A light-wind layer and weak turbulence activity, especially within the inversion layer, contributed greatly to the accumulation of pollutants.Vertical PM_2.5 concentration patterns were also greatly affected by local ground-level emission sources and regional transport processes.     

双极化最优的时序InSAR高山区地表形变监测

针对高级陆地观测卫星2号提供的多极化数据源,不同极化方式影像的永久散射体点密度存在较大差别,而寻求极化最优的散射机制为永久散射体的识别和提取提供了一种新思路。该文以珠穆朗玛峰地区24景双极化影像为例,提出了改进后的模拟退火算法,退火过程采用不同的退火速率节约了退火总时间,通过不同的初始温度和稳定迭代次数实现双极化最优,然后利用干涉点目标分析技术反演地表时序形变,最后证实了双极化最优与HH极化形变结果的一致性。实验结果表明双极化最优结果实现了永久散射体数量最大化,能在大面积地表形变监测与灾害治理领域提供广泛的应用价值。     

ADS40数码航摄影像在DTM立体测图中的应用

介绍了基于ADS40数码航摄影像,使用MAPMATRIx2006建立立体模型进行立体测量DTM的全过程,以及ADS40数码相机的有关参数,对建立立体模型的作用.应用MAPMATRIX2006软件的操作使用方法.     

基于无人机影像样本的遥感图像分类方法

对于遥感图像计算机自动分类而言,样本选择至关重要,直接影响分类结果精度。为了提升样本选取的质量,本文在实验区卫星影像覆盖范围内选取了几个样本点。对每个样本点利用无人机采集了约0.3 km2的数据,通过后期处理生成正射影像。在正射影像中选取耕地、植被、水体、建筑和道路等几类地物的样本,采用最大似然值法对卫星影像进行相应类别信息提取。实验结果表明：在无人机高分辨率影像上解译的样本作用于卫星遥感影像,并利用最大似然值法进行信息提取,其方法可行,分类精度优于在卫星影像上选择的样本。     

青藏高原草地生态系统光合活性温度限制的时空变化分析

光合作用是地球系统季节性碳、水和能量循环的重要组成部分,这一特征是植物适应特定环境条件进化过程的结果。青藏高原的气候变化改变了植物生长的气候制约状态,然而温度约束及其变异性在光合活性研究中所起的作用还知之甚少。本文基于“最小因子法则”提出一种新的研究青藏高原草地生态系统温度限制变化的框架,利用日光诱导叶绿素荧光（solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF）数据集和气候数据集,研究发现青藏高原草地生态系统大部分地区（87.09%）受温度限制越来越弱。本研究为青藏高原草地生态系统中气候因素制约草地光合活性的复杂机制提供了一个简洁而现实的框架。     

登陆华东台风降水分布特征

为研究华东地区台风降水、台风内核降水特征及大尺度环流对台风内核降水分布的影响,利用国家气象信息中心提供的逐日降水观测资料、NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料,运用动态合成分析方法,对比分析台风登陆过程中台风内核降水分布不同的两类台风（L型、R型内核降水台风）大尺度环流特征。结果表明：（1）影响华东地区的台风主要在夏季登陆,台风登陆及带来极端降水的次数都具有“单峰型”的月际分布特征,降水分布从沿海向内陆、由南向北逐渐递减。（2）台风内核降水具有不对称性,强降水更易出现在高低空辐散辐合场相配合且上升运动维持较好的一侧。（3）L型内核降水台风主要受暖平流控制,环流西部存在多个冷平流中心,冷暖平流交汇增强了大气对流不稳定性,为降水提供了不稳定能量;R型内核降水台风登陆后主要受冷平流控制,环流东北部存在暖平流,冷暖平流相互作用使大气稳定度降低,有利于路径右侧降水发生。（4）L型内核降水台风在其环流西南部存在强水汽辐合,有利于路径...