基于HASM算法的DEM建模与应用试验

以曲面论为理论基础建立的高精度曲面模型(High Accuracy Surface Modelling,HASM)其插值精度较传统方法提高了多倍,为CAD和GIS系统提供了更有效的曲面模拟工具。但由于HASM需要对研究区域用相同的网格分辨率模拟,且对研究区域内每个网格点建立偏微分方程,因此,计算量和存储量问题严重制约其推广使用。适应法网格精化技术,可以根据模拟区域的地形复杂度或者精度要求调整网格分辨率,即在地形平坦区域用粗网格模拟,在复杂区域用细网格模拟。基于此理论,我们建立了适应算法的HASM。对甘肃省董志塬进行的DEM模拟表明,HASM适应算法能在保证模拟精度的同时,极大地减少了计算时间和降低存储量,从而有效解决了HASM推广使用的计算量和存储量瓶颈问题。     

综合EGM2008和移动曲面模型GNSS高程拟合

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）高程拟合广泛应用工程建设,不同的拟合方法具有各自局限性,为提高高程拟合的适用性、可靠性和精度,本文提出综合利用EGM2008和移动曲面模型进行高程拟合,通过不同算例进行实验分析表明该方法能有效提高GNSS高程拟合精度.      

距离加权模型在高程异常计算中的精度对比分析

为使GNSS高快速转化为正常高,需要进行高程异常拟合以获取二者之间的转化差值,通常通过构建数学模型拟合某个区域内的似大地水准面计算高程异常,但数学模型不能顾及拟合点与检核点之间的相对位置关系。为解决上述问题,采用相比数学模型具备更高拟合精度的距离加权模型,对2种距离加权模型在同一案例中的高程异常拟合对比。结果表明,二次曲面模型平均绝对误差为0.037 1 m,移动曲面模型为0.011 5 m, Shepard插值为0.010 6 m,基于二次曲面的移动曲面模型相比二次曲面模型有较大的精度提高,Shepard插值法相对移动曲面模型拟合精度有一定提高。距离加权模型在高程异常拟合中精度高于数学模型,以Shepard插值法最优。     

一种离散化的最小曲率插值方法

提出一种离散化的最小曲率曲面插值方法。它通过应用有限元方法得到对实际曲面曲率的真实估计,并进而讨论了对地层曲面插值中的断层边界的处理方法。      

Quantitative assessment of remotely sensed global surface models using various land classes produced from Landsat data in Istanbul

Digital elevation model(DEM) is the most popular product for three-dimensional(3D) digital representation of bare Earth surface and can be produced by many techniques with different characteristics and ground sampling distances(GSD). Space-borne optical and synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imaging are two of the most preferred and modern techniques for DEM generation. Using them, global DEMs that cover almost entire Earth are produced with low cost and time saving processing. In this study, we aimed to assess the Satellite pour l'observation de la Terre-5(SPOT-5), High Resolution Stereoscopic(HRS), the Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER), and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM) C-band global DEMs, produced with space-borne optical and SAR imaging. For the assessment, a reference DEM derived from 1∶1000 scaled digital photogrammetric maps was used. The study is performed in 100 km2 study area in Istanbul including various land classes such as open land, forest, built-up land, scrub and rough terrain obtained from Landsat data. The analyses were realized considering three vertical accuracy types as fundamental, supplemental, and consolidated, defined by national digital elevation program(NDEP) of USA. The results showed that, vertical accuracy of SRTM C-band DEM is better than optical models in all three accuracy types despite having the largest grid spacing. The result of SPOT-5 HRS DEM is very close by SRTM and superior in comparison with ASTER models.