基于激光测高数据的丹江口水库水位变化监测

针对多源星载激光测高数据监测湖泊水位变化问题,该文选取2003—2009年ICESat/GLAH14全球地表高程数据、2018年10月—2019年8月的ICESat-2/ATL13全球内陆水体高程数据,提取丹江口水库多期水位变化数据,最后利用水位站实测水位对其准确度进行了验证,并分析了丹江口水库年度水位变化规律。结果表明,丹江口水库水位呈现明显的季节性变化,每年11月达到较高水位,3月降至较低水位;由ICESat/GLAH14数据估算水库水位的精度为16 cm,ICESat-2/ATL13数据集估算水库水位的精度达到10 cm。因此,ICESat-2/ATL13数据用于内陆水体水位变化监测具有很高的可行性。     

Review on physical models of lunar brightness temperature

Brightness temperature is a main index to reflect the energy of microwave radiation of an object. Using lunar brightness temperature data, physical properties of lunar regolith, such as thickness, heat flow and dielectric permittivity, could be interpreted. There are two methods to study brightness temperature distribution of the moon: the first is used to measure lunar brightness temperature by radio observation or spaceborne microwave radiometers, and the second is used to simulate calculation by the physical model. On the basis of the measurements of lunar brightness temperature in the history, this study analyzed the main physical model of lunar brightness temperature, also including its theory and influence factors. The authors concluded that surface and subsurface temperatures of the moon, dielectric properties and layered structure of lunar regolith were the main factors affecting the global brightness temperature of the moon. These factors should be quantified in detail in the future research.     

星载激光雷达卫星海面风场反演算法研究

The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind＇s information from spaceborne lidar, and particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to white caps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface mean square slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions im plied in CMOD5n geophysical models function （GMF）. Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguished with the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equation. Subsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted （IDW） from neighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. To verify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC＇s TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison with buoys＇ wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spa tial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean square error （RMSE） less than 2m/s and wind direction＇s RMSE less than 21 degree.     

阶段模型修正的星载GNSS-R土壤湿度反演方法EI北大核心CSCD

本文提出了一种基于CYGNSS数据的星载GNSS-R土壤湿度反演方法。首先,基于CYGNSS数据提取地表反射率参数,联合SMAP数据中提取的植被光学厚度、地表粗糙度和温度等辅助信息,初步构建了土壤湿度反演理论模型,并利用神经网络模型确定了土壤湿度反演的精细数学模型;然后,将该模型处理获得的土壤湿度以35%为分界点,利用本文提出的阶段函数模型提高反演精度,并使用2018年10月—2019年5月的CYGNSS数据,获得了全球范围内星载GNSS-R土壤湿度;最后,通过与SMAP提供的土壤湿度数据进行对比,评估了本文提出的星载GNSS-R土壤湿度反演方法的有效性,并对获取的星载GNSS-R土壤湿度进行了时间序列分析。结果表明,本文提出的土壤湿度反演方法的结果与SMAP土壤湿度具有良好的一致性,且随时间变化的趋势也相符合,为高精度土壤湿度反演提供了一种思路。     

全球定位系统BLOCKⅡF星载原子钟性能评估

作为全球定位系统在轨卫星上极为重要的载荷,星载原子钟的性能会对整个导航系统的性能产生重要的影响。针对全球定位系统最新发射的三颗BLOCKⅡF卫星的星载原子钟,不仅从三个常规性能指标即准确度、漂移率和稳定性,还从预报性能共四个方面进行了评估。除此之外,提出了通过统计相关分析来探索三个常规指标和预报性能之间的关系,以寻求影响钟差预报精度的本质原因。利用三颗卫星正常运行时间段的钟差数据,通过估计得到它们的性能指标:准确度为10-12量级,漂移率为10-15 s/d量级,稳定度在10-14 s/d量级,短期(1d)预报精度优于1ns,长期预报精度分别优于30ns(1~30d)和90ns(1~100d);通过相关分析发现,短期预报精度与准确度显著相关,长期预报(1~30d)精度与漂移率和稳定性显著相关,而在1~100d的尺度上,预报精度只与稳定性显著相关。     

大气金属层探测卫星研究

75~115 km的大气层中存在Na、Fe、K、Ca等多种金属成分,通常认为这些金属成分来自宇宙尘埃和流星烧蚀的产物。大量宇宙尘埃和流星进入地球大气,会对地球气候有重要影响,大气金属层是宇宙尘埃和流星进入地球大气的示踪物。同时研究表明,大气金属层所在区域的大气对全球气候变化的响应很敏感,是全球气候变化的示踪物。大气金属层物质沉降,是夜光云凝聚核的主要来源,对临近空间飞行器具有重要影响。但目前对75~115 km的大气金属层探测和研究还很不够,为此,本文在国际上首次提出专门针对大气金属层探测的卫星概念。在大气金属层探测卫星中,提出以主动探测技术为主要探测手段的载荷配置,包括星载钠激光雷达、大气激光掩星探测仪、空间微流星体探测仪、星载F-P测风仪、金属层气辉成像仪5种先进载荷。大气金属层探测卫星将能够对大气金属层进行全面探测,并取得重大科学创新成果。     

Jason-2卫星星载GPS数据cm级精密定轨

Jason-2卫星为测高卫星,需要cm级的轨道精度。利用Jason-2星载GPS数据,采用简化动力学法进行了Jason-2卫星精密定轨。对简化动力学轨道进行重叠轨道对比,径向精度达到1.19cm;与CLASS提供的POE结果对比,径向精度达到5.54cm;与SLR数据进行对比,整体精度达到6.63cm。因此,简化动力学轨道达到了cm级要求,定轨精度良好。     

星载GPS伪距测量数据质量分析

研究了星载GPS伪距测量精度评定方法以及粗差的探测方法,用自编的软件对CHAMP卫星和SAC-C卫星的星载GPS实测数据进行了详细的分析.结果表明:随着卫星高度角的不同,多路径效应与伪距测量噪声对星载GPS伪距测量精度的影响在0.5～3.0 m之间;CHAMP和SAC-C星载GPS观测数据中,伪距粗差观测值所占的比例分别达到1.2%和3.0%.     

基于特征导向主成分分析遥感蚀变异常提取方法

为利用多光谱遥感数据提取蚀变异常信息, 在分析蚀变矿物的先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer, ASTER)和影像短波近红外(visible and near IR-short wave-length IR, VNIR-SWIR)谱带的特征光谱曲线的基础上, 对传统的主成分分析法进行了改进, 利用特征导向主成分分析法对辽宁兴城地区进行矿物蚀变信息提取, 成功的对该地区内的褐铁矿(Fe3+)、绿泥石(Mg-OH基团矿物)和高岭石(Al-OH基团矿物)进行了蚀变异常信息提取.通过实践验证和研究区地质资料表明, 特征导向主成分分析法能够有效地提取蚀变信息并识别研究区内主要矿物, 可以为该区的成矿预测工作提供一定的依据.      

Preliminary Calibration of GPS Signals and Its Effects on Soil Moisture Estimation

In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is developed to estimate soil moisture content (SMC) as a new remote sensing tool. Signal error of Global Positioning System (GPS) bistatic radar is an important factor that affects the accuracy of SMC estimation. In this paper, two methods of GPS signal calibration involving both the direct and reflected signals are introduced, and a detailed explanation of the theoretical basis for such methods is given. An improved SMC estimation model utilizing calibrated GPS L-band signals is proposed, and the estimation accuracy is validated using the airborne GPS data from the Soil Moisture Experiment in 2002 (SMEX02). We choose 21 sites with soybean and corn in the Walnut Creek region of the US for validation. The sites are divided into three categories according to their vegetation cover: bare soil, mid-vegetation cover (Mid-Veg), and high-vegetation cover (High-Veg). The accuracy of SMC estimation is 11.17% for bare soil and 8.12% for Mid-Veg sites, much better than that of the traditional model. For High-Veg sites, the effect of signal attenuation due to vegetation cover is preliminarily taken into consideration and a linear model related to Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) is adopted to obtain a factor for rectifying the "over-calibration", and the error for High-Veg sites is finally reduced to 3.81%.