城乡一体化空间数据库建设技术路线和方法

城乡一体化空间数据库的建设是一个非常复杂的过程,它涉及到各个系统平台之间、各个部门之间、各种业务之间的协调和规划。参照国家的有关标准和规范建立一套地籍地形一体化编码体系、构造城乡一体化现代地籍系统平台的数据字典。只有符合标准编码规范和数据组织才能进入系统,才能被系统接纳。     

空间线目标间拓扑关系形式化描述模型

针对现有拓扑关系描述模型的不足,首先以点集拓扑学基本理论为基础,定义了空间线目标的端点、内部、边界等概念,在此基础上提出了一种描述空间线目标间拓扑关系完善的形式化模型New 9交模型.根据线目标的物理意义,提出了5条取值规则以排除模型描述的拓扑关系中没有意义的类型,并在此基础上总结出了空间线目标间拓扑关系的最小集,定义了6种线目标间的基本拓扑关系,并且证明了此最小集的互斥性与完备性.     

ERDAS IMAGINE在1∶50000土壤底图纠正中的应用

目前利用ERDAS IMAGINE软件进行影像纠正的技术和工艺已日益成熟和完美。通过ERDAS IMAGINE在1∶50000土壤底图纠正中的应用,从生产的角度叙述了ERDAS IMAGINE软件在影像纠正中的关键技术问题,主要包括基础地理信息数据的处理、地面控制点的选取和控制点的判读。     

硬盘数据恢复技术在数字化测绘生产中的应用

目前数字化测绘生产中大量数据主要依赖于硬盘存储,由于各种原因导致硬盘数据丢失时有发生。介绍了硬盘数据恢复的基本原理与方法,该方法能有效地恢复硬盘丢失的数据,确保数字化测绘生产数据的安全。     

无棱镜测量在测绘3维数字地形图中的应用

无棱镜测量技术的出现,节约了人力、物力、财力,提高了效率和安全性。简要介绍了无棱镜测量技术及其适用条件和使用中应注意的问题,探讨了无棱镜测量技术在3维数字地形图测绘中的应用。通过精度分析,认为在3维数字地形图测量中无棱镜测量技术就点位精度而言,可用于3维数字地形图的各特征点数据采集。     

数字化地籍测量开展过程中应该注意的问题

探讨数字化地籍测量方面权属调查应该注意的几个方面,并介绍数字化地籍测量产品质量检验中几种误差检验。     

厦门市房产测绘数据管理系统的构建

针对现有房产测绘数据管理类软件无法很好的解决历史数据整理入库的问题,构建了一个具有图形数据与属性数据批量迁移功能的数据管理系统,实现了将数据批量入库进行统一管理的目的。本文对该系统的开发背景、设计原则、系统的主要功能和系统开发中一些实用的技术方案设计作了重点论述。     

A preliminary study of variations of the Changjiang Diluted Water between August of 1999 and 2006

A large area hypoxia has been already reported respectively by two interdisciplinary surveys off the Changjiang Estuary since summer of 1999 and 2006. The hypoxic zone shows distinct year-to-year variations. Observed oceanographic data are first analysized and reveal a big difference for the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) between these two periods. These great changes are related to the tremendous reduction of the freshwater discharge and variations of wind fields between these two years. It is also found that the monthly mean intrusion of Kuroshio and its branches has increased in the northern East China Sea (ECS), but decreased in the southern ECS in August of 2006 as compared with 1999 on the base of general circulation models. Then, the Regional Ocean Modelling Systems is applied to the East China Sea to evaluate the contributions and relative importance of impacts from the river discharge, wind forcing and open boundary data. Our simulations reproduce the phenomena that more fresh water extends northeastward in 2006 and forms a negative SSS anomaly to the northeast of the river mouth as compared with 1999, which is consistent with observations. The five group numerical tests suggest that the wind forcing dominates the CDW variations followed by the Kuroshio and its branches. The study implies important roles played by hydrodynamic processes on the variability of hypoxic zone in the study areas.     

Analyses of the long-term salinity variability in the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai(Yellow) Sea

Based on the comprehensive collection of the field observed salinity of the Bohai Sea (BHS) and the northern Huanghai Sea (NHS) from the 1950s to the present,the patterns of 10-years-averaged salinity at the different layers in the recent five decades (the 1950s,the 1960s,the 1970s,the 1980s and the 1990s) are obtained by the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with the scrupulous data quality control in this study.Then,by combining the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with successive correction method,the annual distributions of salinity both in the BHS and in the NHS are obtained as well.The data analyses indicate that the overall salinity in the BHS and the NHS increases from the 1960s till the present,with the increase of annual mean salinity of 0.04 psu from the 1950s,and the maximum increase rate of salinity is about 0.14 psu/a in the Bohai Bay.The high salinity tongue extended significantly from the NHS into the BHS.The intensified eastern wind field is related to the western intrusion of the NHS warm current,which probably leads to the moving forward of the high salinity water mass into the BHS.However,it is rather different from the salinity distribution characteristics between the 1950s and the 1960s.The extensive precipitation in the 1960s could lead to an increase in the discharge of the Huanghe River,which might result in the decrease of salinity in the BHS.But the salinity isoline of 32 in the NHS still extended significantly into the BHS in the 1960s.Since the 1980s,the patterns of salinity distribution have changed thoroughly.The salinity in the central area of the BHS was low,while the salinity in the Bohai Bay and the Liaodong Bay was higher than the other regions with its horizontal salinity gradient decreasing in the 1980s.The Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (EOF) is also conducted to study the interannual salinity variability of the BHS and the NHS.The correlation coefficient between the time coefficient series of the main mode and the Huanghe River discharge can reach -64.57%.It can be concluded that salinity variation of the BHS and the NHS has strong negative correlation with the Huanghe River discharge.     

船体可靠性评估

为了研究不同结构船体的寿命和使用时可靠度的关系,提出了一种基于试验的可靠度估计方法.针对不同结构船体寿命服从Weibull分布,在无失效数据情形下、置信度至少为γ和寿命为t时,根据船体寿命试验数据,给出了可靠度的单侧置信下限.该方法是在Weibull分布形状参数下限已知的情况下,能将所有的无失效寿命数据进行累加,大大提高了可靠性分析的精度.最后,对钢结构、钛合金结构、铝合金结构的船体,在寿命为t月、置信度至少为γ时,计算了3种结构船体的可靠度单侧置信下限.结果表明该方法易于计算,便于工程应用.